Explain in detail the Cultural and Religious life of medieval and Indian civilization .-5 marks
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Answer:
Religious Conditions:
Hinduism was divided into two main sects in the South. These were the Shaivism and Vaishnavism.
Both these sects emphasized spiritual equality of all castes, the worship of idols, pilgrimages, suppression of desires and consideration to animal life.
The rulers of Vijayanagar Kingdom patronised Hinduism, the overwhelming population of the Bahmani Kingdom comprised Hindus.
The Brahmans occupied an exhalted position in the Vijayanagar kingdom. According to traveller Linchoten, “The Brahmans are the honest and esteemed people.” They occupied important posts in all spheres administrative, military and political besides priestly positions.
All the rulers of Vijayanagar empire were devout Hindus. Most of the rulers were devotees of Vaishnavism. However, they were tolerant towards all religious. The Mulsims, the Christians, the Yahudis and the people of other faiths enjoyed equal freedom. According to a foreign traveller Eduardo Barbosa.” The kings allow such freedom that everyman may come and go and live according to his own creed.”
Cultural Conditions:
Diet:
All castes excepting Brahmans, could eat all kinds of meat. Beef eating was considered as a sin. Drinking of intoxicants was common among the Kshatriyas and the Sudras. Rice was the staple food. The higher classes used rice of better quality. Various kinds of fruits and vegetables were also used. The well-to-do took ‘Chappatis and puris’. The Muslims were very fond of meat.
Dress:The usual dress of the Hindus consisted of a ‘dhoti’ and piece of cloth to cover the upper part of the body. ‘Chappals’ were the common foow-ware. Many people were barefooted. Women belonging to rich classes used Saris’. The ordinary women had a piece of cloth wrapped round their waist and an upper garment. The Muslim followed the pattern of dress of the north. It consisted of tight trousers and shirts and ‘Shenvanis’ or long coats. Women were very fond of ornaments which were either made of silver or gold.
Festivals:Mahanavami was the most important festival celebrated in Vijayanagar empire. It was held to celebrate the victory of Goddess Durga over the demons Bhandasura; Chanda and Munda. The festival lasted five days during which period the king held the court in public.
Animal sacrifices were performed to propitiate the goddess. ‘Ramlila’ and ‘Krishanlila’ were theatrically depicted, scenes from the Epics.
Deepavali, Karthigai and Holi were the important festivals.
Answer:
medieval
culture-During the Middle Ages, classical civilization was transformed by contact with three cultures: Germanic invaders, Christianity, and Islam. The Western values of individualism, consensual government, and a recognition of religious differences began to emerge during the Middle Ages.
religion-Religion in the Middle Ages, though dominated by the Catholic Church, was far more varied than only orthodox Christianity. In the Early Middle Ages (c. ... At the same time, heretical sects throughout the Middle Ages offered people an alternative to the Church more in keeping with their folk beliefs.