Question

Explain in details the mendle laws of inheritance??

Answer 1

Answer

Mendel's Laws of Heredity are usually stated as:

• 1) The Law of Segregation: Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair.

• 2) The Law of Independent Assortment: Genes for different traits are sorted separately from one another so that the inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the inheritance of another.

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Answer 2

Mendel's law of Inheritance

• Based on his hybridisation experiments, Mendel proposed the laws of inheritance.
• His theory was rediscovered by Hugo de Vries of Holland, Carl Correns of Germany and Eric von Tschermak of Austria in 1901.
• Hugo de Vries, Correns and Tschermark are thus referred to as rediscoverers of Mendelism.

i) Law of dominance

• This law states that when two alternative forms of a trait or character (genes or alleles) are present in an organism, only one factor expresses itself in F, progeny and is called dominant while the other that remains masked is called recessive.
• Characters are controlled by discrete units called factors. Factors occur in pairs.

(ii) Law of segregation or law of purity of gametes

• This law states that the factors or alleles of a pair segregate from each other during gamete formation such that a gamete receives only one of the two factors. They do not show any blending but simple remain together.
• Homozygous parent produces all gametes that are similar, heterozygous parent produces two types of gametes, each having one allele in equal proportion.

(iii) Law of independent assortment

• According to this law the two factors of each character assort or separate out independent of the factors of other characters at the time of gamete formation and get randomly rearranged the offsprings producing both parental and new combinations of characters.
• When two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, segregation of one pair of characters independent of the other pair of characters.