explain in easy words working and principal of genrator.
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Answers
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First of all let us start from working of an AC generator
AC Generator
An AC generator is an electric generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy in form of alternative emf or alternating current. AC generator works on the principle of ”Electromagnetic Induction”.
Parts of an AC Generator
An Ac generator consists of two poles i.e is the north pole and south pole of a magnet so that we can have a uniform magnetic field. There is also a coil which is rectangular in shape that is the armature. These coils are connected to the slip rings and attached to them are carbon brushes.
The slip rings are made of metal and are insulated from each other. The brushes are carbon brushes and one end of each brush connects to the ring and other connects to the circuit. The rectangular coils rotate about an axis which is perpendicular to the magnetic field. There is also a shaft which rotates rapidly
Working of an AC Generator
When the armature rotates between the poles of the magnet upon an axis perpendicular to the magnetic field, the flux which links with the armature changes continuously. Due to this, an emf is induced in the armature. This produces an electric current through the galvanometer and the slip rings and brushes.
The galvanometer swings between the positive and negative values. This indicates that there is an alternating current flowing through the galvanometer
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An electric generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Principle - It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. whenever the magnetic flux through a coil changes induced current is produced.
Construction - AC generator consists of a rectangular coil ABCD called armature. The armature coil consists of a large number of turns of insulated copper wire wound over a soft iron core. The coil is kept between the poles of a strong magnet . In the figure R1 and R2 are the two slip rings connected to the two ends of the coil and convey the current produced to out side the circuit. B1 and B2 are two carbon brushes remain in sliding contact with the two slip rings.
Working- The coil of the generator is rotated with the help of an axel. When the coil rotates, it cuts the magnetic lines of force (magnetic field) near the north and south poles of the magnet. By electromagnetic induction a current is induced into the coil. The direction of this current is given by Flemings left hand rule.
As the coil turns clock wise arm AB moves up and arm CD goes down. The direction of current is from D to C in CD and A to B in AB. The induced current is taken out through the slip rings and carbon brushes. After half rotation AB and CD interchange their position. Now CD moves upward and AB downward.
The direction of induced current is from D to C in CD and B to A in AB, during this half rotation. The slip rings R1 and R2 also rotate along with the coil ABCD. Thus their polarities keep changing after every rotation. Thus the current changes its direction twice in one complete revolution of the coil. Such a current which changes its polarity after fixed intervals is called alternating current.
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