Explain in five steps how information is transmitted across the Internet.
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Answer:
STEP ONE. To start, your browser sends a request to read the article you’re engrossed in right now via your Internet Service Provider (ISP) that can connect to the internet. That message included your browser sending a request, with your computer’s Internet Protocol (IP) address, to the server holding all the information from the Popular Mechanics’ website, basically saying “I’m interested, send me that collection of packets.”
You may have known the Domain Name Server (DNS) of the internet site you wanted to get information from, but computers thinks much more black and white. That’s where STEP TWO comes into play, as your browser turns the DNS into an IP address of, in this case, the Popular Mechanics website’s server. Then, STEP THREE, where your browser requests a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection with the Popular Mechanics server, basically a permission to send messages happens. A quick STEP FOUR allows the server to respond to the request by saying "sure, we can send that along" — known as a 200 OK message — or a "sorry, we don’t have those bits any longer," commonly rendered as a 404 Document Not Found.
With the conversation started and the request accepted, the really interesting STEP FIVE comes into play, establishing a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) that will create levels of packets of information (an FTP server, in contrast, uses the file transfer protocol, another popular protocol that dictates the framework that servers use to operate as part of the internet). Every packet contains a header of bits of info that tell servers and browsers where the packet needs to go and its purpose.