Explain industrial revolution considering the following points.(1) the putting out system(2) proto - industrialisation(3) major invention and their contribution(4) factory system of production
Answers
Explanation:
1). The putting-out system is a means of subcontracting work. Historically, it was also known as the workshop system and the domestic system. In putting-out, work is contracted by a central agent to subcontractors who complete the work in off-site facilities, either in their own homes or in workshops with multiple craftsmen.
It was used in the English and American textile industries, in shoemaking, lock-making trades, and making parts for small firearms from the Industrial Revolution until the mid-19th century; however, after the invention of the sewing machine in 1846, the system lingered on for the making of ready-made men's clothing.
2) [1]Proto-industrialization is the regional development, alongside commercial agriculture, of rural handicraft production for external markets.[1] The term was introduced in the early 1970s by economic historians who argued that such developments in parts of Europe between the 16th and 19th centuries created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution.[2] Later researchers suggested that similar conditions had arisen in other parts of the world. Most aspects of the theory have been challenged by other
3)INVENTIONs ; Spinning jenny. Spinning jenny was a spinning engine invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves. ...
Newcomen steam engine. ...
Watt steam engine. ...
The locomotive. ...
Telegraph communications. ...
Dynamite. ...
The photograph. ...
The typewriter.historians
4).The factory system is a method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labour. Because of the high capital cost of machinery and factory buildings, factories were typically privately owned by wealthy individuals who employed the operative labour. Use of machinery with the division of labour reduced the required skill level of workers and also increased the output per worker.
The factory system was first adopted in Britain at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century and later spread around the world.[1] It replaced the putting-out system. The main characteristic of the factory system is the use of machinery, originally powered by water or steam and later by electricity. Other characteristics of the system mostly derive from the use of machinery or economies of scale, the centralization of factories, and standardization of interchangeable parts
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the US and Europe, in the period from 1760- a time between 1820 - 1840.
Explanation:
The features of the Industrial Revolution are
- The Putting-Out System: Also known as the domestic system and workshop system, is a way of subcontracting the work. The work is contracted by a central agent to sub-contractors who finish the work in offsite facilities, in their own homes or in the workshops with numerous craftsmen
- Porto-Industrialization: Generally denotes the phase before industrialization. and which was not based on the factory system. The regional development, alongside commercial agriculture, of rural handicraft production for external markets
- Major Invention and Their Contribution: The major inventions were
- James Watt - The first reliable steam engine used for transportation
- Eli Whitney -Cotton Jin a machine which quickly and easily separated cotton fibers from its seeds, facilitating greater productivity than manual cotton separation.
- Samuel F.B. Morse - telegraph where through an electrical network system , the it could transmit messages from one place to another over long distances
- Elias Howe - Sewing machine that helped in the mass production of sewing machines and clothing and freed women from some of the drudgery of day-to-day life at the time.
- Alexander Graham Bell - Telephone - Had a great impact towards society and widened the idea of communication.
- Factory System of Production: The factory system was an innovative way of making products which started at the time of the Industrial Revolution. The factory system used division of labour, powered machinery, a centralised workplace, and unskilled workers to mass-produce products. Upon the development of big factories, people started migrating to the cities. Cities got larger and became overcrowded often. This transition from a rural to an industrial environment had produced a drastic shift in the manner in which people reside.
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