Question

Explain inert pair effect with suitable example.

Answer 1

Inert pair effect is mostly shown by the 15-17th group elements. That is, the oxidation state reduces by 2 for elements below ( , ), which is more stable than the other oxidation states. The reason for this is the inertness of the inner electrons due to poor shielding.

Answer 2

The inert pair effect is the tendency of the two electrons in the outermost atomic s orbital to remain unionized or unshared in compounds of post-transition metals. The term inert pair effect is often used in relation to the increasing stability of oxidation statesthat are two less than the group valency for the heavier elements of groups 13, 14, 15 and 16. The term "inert pair" was first proposed by Nevil Sidgwick in 1927.[1] The name suggests that the selectrons are more tightly bound to the nucleus and therefore more difficult to ionize.

For example, the p-block elements of the 4th, 5th and 6th period come after d-block elements, but the electrons present in the intervening d- (and f-) orbitals do not effectively shield the s-electrons of the valence shell. As a result, the inert pair of ns electrons remains more tightly held by the nucleus and hence participates less in bond formation .

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