Question

Explain:-
• Innate immunity,
• Acquired immunity,
• Passive immunity,
• Active immunity, and
• Auto immunity.

Answer 1

Answer:

Innate immunity:-

===>Innate immunity is something already present in the body.

===>Innate immunity refers to non specific defense mechanism that come into play immediately or within hours of an antigens appearance in the body.

===>These mechanisms include physical barriers such as skin, chemicals in the blood and immune system cells that attack foreign cells in the body.

Example:- cough reflex.

Acquired immunity:-

===>Adaptive immune system also referred as acquired immune system

===>There are two types of acquired immunity are adaptive and passive.

===>Acquired immunity takes time to develop after first exposure to a new antigen.

Answer 2

Innate Immunity :

• Innate immunity is inherited and it acts as the first response to any pathogen invasion.
• Skin, tears, saliva, neutrophils, PMC, Natural Killer Cells etc are examples of innate immunity
• Further mucus in gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and nasal passage traps pathogens.

Acquired Immunity :

• Immune responses which are a result of adaptation or injection of vaccines and antibiotics during the course of life time.

Passive Immunity :

• Vaccine is essentially traces of decaying virus or certain proteins injected into the body for the sake of recognition (Memory Cells of Lymphatic System) and ensue a stronger secondary response in future.
• Similarly newborns receive IgA more breast milk.
• In other words, Immunity from external sources is passive immunization.

Active Immunity :

• Suppose a pathogen makes its way into the human body, the B cells initiate a short lived primary immune response.
• The same information is stored in memory cells found in lymph nodes.
• If the same pathogen were to call the human body it's home, a secondary immune response is initiated by T Cells and Memory Cells to drive away the nemesis.
• Vaccines work on the same principle.

Autoimmunity :

• Autoimmunity is a dire condition wherein T Cells are unable to recognize self cells and direct antibodies to act on host antigens weakening the immune system.