Question

Explain isomers and its types briefly ?

Answer 1

heya ,
____________________________________________________________

isomers are molecules that differ from each other in their behaviour towards plane polarized light. Optical isomers have different three-dimensional arrangement of same atoms / groups in a molecule. Optical isomers were given their name because they were first distinguished by how they rotated plane-polarized light. 

(i) Those optically active isomers that rotated the plane polarised light towards right (i.e. clockwise direction) are called Dextrorotatory or d-form. d-form is also represented by placing a (+) sign before the isomer.

(ii) Those optically active isomers that rotated the plane polarised light towards left (i.e. anticlockwise direction) are called Levorotatory or l-form. l-form is also represented by placing a (-) sign before the isomer.

For example, cis isomer of the complex [Co(en)2Cl2]+ has two optical isomers - one is dextrorotatory and the other one is levorotatory. 

Alanine [CH3CH(NH2)COOH] has a chiral carbon atom and is optically active. It has two optical isomers - d-isomer and the l-isomer. 

 _______________________________

Answer 2

 Heyuu!!
___________________________________________________________

Definition of Isomers
____________________________________________________________
 
If two or more different compounds have the same molecular formula we call them isomers.

=) There are two major classes (types) of isomers :-


<>Constitutional Isomers (structural isomers)
 ____________________________________________________________

Different compounds have the same molecular formula are called isomers and because they have different connectivity (which atom is bonded to which) we call them constitutional isomer or structural isomers.  

ex:- C2H6O


<> Stereoisomers (spatial isomers)
___________________________________________________________

 Stereoisomers (spatial isomers) different compounds that have the same molecular formula and the same bonds connectivity BUT they have different arranging (orientation) in the space (in 3D).

ex:- C2H6
 
There are two types of stereoisomers which are:
 
1) Conformational isomers
 2) Configuratinal isomers


Hope this helps uh ^_^