Explain isotopes, isobars and radioactive isotopes along with examples.
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Answer:
Isotope → Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons, but differ in numbers of neutrons. Isotopes are different forms of a single element. Example - Carbon 12 and Carbon 14 are both isotopes of carbon, one with 6 neutrons and one with 8 neutrons.
Isobars are atoms (nuclides) of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons. Correspondingly, isobars differ in atomic number (or number of protons) but have the same mass number. An example of a series of isobars would be 40S, 40Cl, 40Ar, 40K, and 40Ca.
A radioactive isotope, also known as a radioisotope, radionuclide, or radioactive nuclide, is any of several species of the same chemical element with different masses whose nuclei are unstable and dissipate excess energy by spontaneously emitting radiation in the form of alpha, beta, and gamma rays. Examples of long-lived radioactive isotopes include potassium-40, rubidium-87 and uranium-238.
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