explain mahalwari system in detail and reasons for their failures
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Answer:
The Mahalwari system was a revenue collection system that was introduced by Holt Mackenzie in 1822 in British India. It was one of the three major land tenure systems implemented by the British in India. Thus, they used land to control the entire Revenue system, strengthening their economic condition in India.
The reasons of failures are in the passage as follows :
The government of William Bentinck made a thorough revision of the act of 1823, and thus the Mahalwari System was introduced. They realized that the result of the Regulation of 1822 was nothing other than widespread misery.
After a prolonged consultation, the Government finally passed a new regulation in 1833. The mahalwari system of land revenue was introduced by Holt Mackenzie and Robert Merttins Bird. It played a large part in making the system more flexible. The process of preparing estimates of produce and rents was simplified too. It also introduced the fixation of the average rents for different classes of soil. This scheme functioned under Mettins Bird. The processes of measuring land, examining soil quality was improved further. The State demand was fixed at 66% of the rental value and the Settlement was made for 30 years.
The Mahalwari system of land revenue worked under the scheme of 1833 was completed under the administration of James Thompson. The 66% rental demanded proved very harsh, too. In the Saharanpur Rules of 1855, it was revised to 50% by Lord Dalhousie. However, the British officers hardly cared of these rules. This created widespread discontent among the Indians.
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