Explain main trends of coalition politics in India
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Corruption is an issue that adversely affects India's economy of central, state and local government agencies. Not only has it held the economy back from reaching new heights, but rampant corruption has stunted the country's development. A study conducted by Transparency International in 2005 recorded that more than 92% of Indians had at some point or another paid a bribe to a public official to get a job done. In a study conducted in 2008, Transparency International reported that about 50% of Indians had first hand experience of paying bribes or using contacts to get services performed by public offices.
Transparency International's 2017 Corruption Perception Index ranks the country 81st place out of 180 countries.
The largest contributors to corruption are entitlement programs and social spending schemes enacted by the Indian government. Examples include the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Actand the National Rural Health Mission.Other areas of corruption include India's trucking industry which is forced to pay billions of rupees in bribes annually to numerous regulatory and police stops on interstate highways.
The media has widely published allegations of corrupt Indian citizens stashing millions of rupees in Swiss banks. Swiss authorities denied these allegations, which were later proven in 2015–2016. The Indian media is largely controlled by extremely corrupt politicians and industrialists who play a major role by misleading the public with incorrect information and use the media for mud-slinging at political and business opponents.
The causes of corruption in India include excessive regulations, complicated tax and licensing systems, numerous government departments with opaque bureaucracy and discretionary powers, monopoly of government controlled institutions on certain goods and services delivery, and the lack of transparent laws and processes. There are significant variations in the level of corruption and in the government's efforts to reduce corruption across different areas of India.
Transparency International's 2017 Corruption Perception Index ranks the country 81st place out of 180 countries.
The largest contributors to corruption are entitlement programs and social spending schemes enacted by the Indian government. Examples include the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Actand the National Rural Health Mission.Other areas of corruption include India's trucking industry which is forced to pay billions of rupees in bribes annually to numerous regulatory and police stops on interstate highways.
The media has widely published allegations of corrupt Indian citizens stashing millions of rupees in Swiss banks. Swiss authorities denied these allegations, which were later proven in 2015–2016. The Indian media is largely controlled by extremely corrupt politicians and industrialists who play a major role by misleading the public with incorrect information and use the media for mud-slinging at political and business opponents.
The causes of corruption in India include excessive regulations, complicated tax and licensing systems, numerous government departments with opaque bureaucracy and discretionary powers, monopoly of government controlled institutions on certain goods and services delivery, and the lack of transparent laws and processes. There are significant variations in the level of corruption and in the government's efforts to reduce corruption across different areas of India.
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Mature and stable : Coalition politics in India has evolved into a mature and stable phase which is visible from successful completion of two terms of UPA at the centre.
Representative: Coalition politics in India is representative in nature as multiple regional parties from various regions form an important part of ruling and opposing coalition in the Parliament. The regional parties are also able to represent the regional aspiration at national level.
Evolving : The Coalition Politics of India is still evolving as it is slowly breaking the traditional single party dominance in the alliances and more regional parties having a say in the decision making.
Representative: Coalition politics in India is representative in nature as multiple regional parties from various regions form an important part of ruling and opposing coalition in the Parliament. The regional parties are also able to represent the regional aspiration at national level.
Evolving : The Coalition Politics of India is still evolving as it is slowly breaking the traditional single party dominance in the alliances and more regional parties having a say in the decision making.
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