Question

explain manufacture of ammonia by Haber's process

Answer 1

Answer:

In the Haber process, “the atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted to ammonia (NH3) by reacting it with hydrogen (H2)”. Here a metal catalyst is used and high temperatures and pressures are maintained. Air, which supplies the nitrogen.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Manufacture of ammonia by Haber's process

Ammonia can be manufactured by Haber's process which involves the reaction:

$\bf \: N_2 + 3H_2 \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3$

$\bf \: \triangle H=-92.2 kJ {mol}^{ - 1}$

This is a reversible exothermic reaction. The favourable conditions for high yield of ammonia can be understood by applying Le Chatelier's principle.

(i) Low temperature. Since the forward traction is exothermic, therefore, low temperature will favour the formation of ammonia. However, an optimum temperature of about 700 K is necessary.

(ii) High pressure. High pressure of the order of 200 atmospheres or 200 x 10⁵ Pa is required to favour the forward reaction.

(i) Presence of catalyst. The use of iron lyst containing a small amount of molybdenum potassium oxide and aluminium oxide as moter, increases the formation of ammonia.

Details of the process.

➡ The plant required for the manufacture of ammonia is shown in Fig, In this method a mixture of N_2, and H_2, in the molar ratio of 1:3 is compressed to about 200 atmosphere pressure.

➡The compressed gases are then cooled and passed through sodalime tower to free them from moisture and carbon dioxide.

➡Thent hese are fed into catalyst chamber packed with iron and molybdenum. The chamber is heated electrically to about 673 K when the two gases combine to form ammonia. The reaction being exothermic, the heat evolved maintains the desired temperature and further electrical heating is not required.

➡The gases which escape from the chamber

The gases which escape from the chambercontain about 15-20% ammonia, and the remaining

The gases which escape from the chambercontain about 15-20% ammonia, and the remainingare unreacted N_2, and H_2. These are passed through

The gases which escape from the chambercontain about 15-20% ammonia, and the remainingare unreacted N_2, and H_2. These are passed throughcondensing pipes where ammonia gets liquefied and is collected in the receiver.

➡The unreacted gases are pumped back to the compression pump where they are mixed with fresh gaseous mixture.

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