explain measures to check soil erosion.
Answers
Answer:
Contour farming:
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Contour farming may be defined as ploughing, seeding, cultivating and harvesting across the slope, rather than with it.
Thomas Jefferson, who wrote in 1813, “we now plough horizontally, following the curvature of the hills …. Every furrow thus acts as a reservoir to … retain waters … scarcely an ounce of soil is now carried off.”
(ii) Strip cropping:
On land with a dissected slope, planting crops on contour strips will be an effective erosion deterrent. For effective control the width of the contour strip should vary inversely with the length of the slope. Strip cropping should be combined with crop rotation, so that a strip planted to a soil depleting, erosion-facilitating corn crop one year will be sown to a soil-enriching and protecting strip of legumes the next year.
Answer:
Erosion Control Methods:
Source control of runoff flow
The primary goal of source control is to protect exposed earth surfaces from the erosive energy of rain splash and surface runoff flow. Cover is the most effective erosion control method for preventing soil erosion. Cover includes top soiling in conjunction with one or more of the following methods: seeding, mulching, hydroseeding, sodding, erosion control blankets, turf reinforcement matting (TRM), riprap, gabion mat, aggregate cover, and paving.
Runoff control during project work
During the construction of a project, it is not possible to provide surface cover for all disturbed areas. Runoff control methods, such as slope surface modification and slope gradient reduction, are employed to prevent soil erosion.
Bio-engineering methods
Revegetation of exposed soil with grass and plant growth on topsoil is the main bio-engineering soil erosion control method. This method is a permanent soil erosion control measure that uses the roots, stems, and leaves of vegetation to reduce the potential for soil erosion.
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