Question

Explain Mechanism of Opening and closing of Stomata

Full process ❗​

Answer 1

$\huge\underline\green{\sf Answer:-}$

★ The cause of the opening or closing of the stomata is a change in the Turgidity of the Guard cell .When the Guard cells become turgid stomata opens and when guard cell becomes flaccid ,Stomata closes .

★ When osmotic concentration (OP) of guard cell is high , then cells become turgid by absorption of water through endosmosis from near by cells (Subsidiary cells) .

★ When osmotic concentration (OP) of guard cells become flaccid .Due to flaccidity of guard cell , inner walls of guard cells become fused and stomata closes.

ACTIVE $\large\underline{\sf {K}^{+} ⇋{H}^{+}}$ EXCHANGE THEORY OR POTASSIUM TRANSPORT MECHANISM

★This is mordern and most accepted theory for Stomatal opening.

ACCORDING TO THIS THEORY :-

★When plant hormone Absisic Acid (ABA) is formed in guard cell it interferes with the exchange of $\sf{{K}^{+}⇋{H}^{+}}$ in guard cell, resulting in reverse reaction of opening of Stomata , hence Stomata gets closed.

★ High concentration of $\sf{{K}^{+}}$ ions in guard cell is electrically balanced by uptake of $\large{\sf {Cl}^{-}}$ and malate ions which are present in guard cells.

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Answer 2

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The mechanism of the closing and opening of the stomata depends upon the presence of sugar and starch in the guard cells. ... Due to higher concentration of the cytoplasm of guard cells, the water comes to them from the neighbouring cells by osmosis and they become turgid. With the result the stomata remain open.

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