explain mechanism of stomatal transpiration
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Transpiration is the process in which evaporation of water from plants. It takes place mainly at the surface of leaves when their stomata open for passage of carbon dioxide and oxygen during photosynthesis.
The water turn in to vapour in the sunlight and passes out through pores which are present in the stomata on the surface of leaf.
Guard cells are the pair of cells which surround the stomata. They control the opening and closing of the stomata.
This opening and closing is regulated by various signals such as light, temperature, CO₂ concentration in the leaf etc.
In response to factors such as sunlight, low carbon dioxide concentration in the leaf etc. solutes such as sugars, K⁺, Cl⁻, etc are actively transported or pumped into the guard cells.
This lowers the water potential and thus induces the water influx across the cell membrane. The water inflates the guard cells into the kidney-bean shaped cells and thus opens the stomata.
Transpiration rates increase, when stomata are open, and it decreases when it is closed.