Explain Methods and measuring of forest mensuration.
Answers
Forest mensuration plays an important role in the practice of forest management. Forest research requires information about the density of forests, diversity, spatial distribution of trees within stands, the size distribution of trees within stands and the expected growth of trees and stands. Demand for more and better information from forests has prompted the development and application of new instrumentation and measurement methods.
Forest mensuration has undergone a number of important changes in recent years. Among the most notable are laser and ultrasound based measuring devices, and use of drones, terrestrial and airborne laserscanning, satellite imagery and other advanced remote sensing techniques that are being used to measure and monitor trees and forests. These devices have reduced considerably the time needed for field measurements and can be used to quickly obtain many tree characteristics including spatial positions. Additionally, new methods have been developed for conducting tree-ring analyses including techniques for assessing the physical, chemical, and anatomic properties of wood. Such measurements are being used for reconstructions of growth conditions and investigations of the impacts of environmental changes on forest growth.
Areas of application
Growth & yield/productivity studies in natural and planted forests
Measuring the effects of silvicultural management practices on stem form, wood quality, tree growth and stand development
Development of total and merchantable volume equations for estimating the biological asset value of tree stands, and biomass tables for carbon estimation
Development of non-destructive sampling techniques for volume, biomass and wood quality estimation
Studying the impacts of long-term environmental changes to the growth of trees and productivity of forests
Quantification of the impact of anthropogenic influences on growth and yield through model refinement and adaptation
Forest observational networks for studying and analyzing ecosystem structure and dynamics
Use of drones, terrestrial and airborne laserscanning, satellite imagery and other advanced remote sensing techniques for measuring and monitoring trees and forests
Advanced scientific methods for measuring and monitoring the impact of environmental conditions such as climate change on forest productivity, structure and diversity
Answer:
The largest solid internal organ is your liver. It weighs approximately 3–3.5 pounds or 1.36–1.59 kilograms and is about the size of a football. Your liver is located beneath your rib cage and lungs, in the upper right area of your abdomen