explain modern periodic table.
Answers
There are more than 100 chemical elements (118) identified so far in the world. So it is difficult to study each of them, understand them and remember them and their physical and chemical properties. Also it is difficult to discuss with other scientists and experts with out a common platform.
The periodic table enlists the chemical elements in a logical order of atomic number. Atomic number is the number of protons or the number of electrons in an atom in that element.
A row is called a period. The atomic number increases in a period as you move from left to right and increases as you move from top to bottom. A column is called a group. The elements in a group have similar physical and chemical characteristics. The group number increases from 1 to 18 as you move from left to right in a row.
The periodic table took a number of years to develop. It was Mendeleev who published the first periodic table in 1869. The current standard form of the table is attributed to HG Deming. Seaborg published the placement of actinide elements in f block and synthesized them. He won the Nobel prize for that in 1951.
The first element in the table is Hydrogen (N = 1). The last one is Unanoctium (N=118). The s block (groups 1 & 2) and p block (groups 13 to 18) are most important. We study them in detail. The remaining are more complicated and studied in advanced degrees. The elements in between s & p block are called d block and those below d block are called f block.
The atomic weight increases from left to right and from top to bottom. Atomic number increases by 2 for the second period, and by 8 for the 2nd and 3rd. It increases by 18 for the rest.
The elements in the rightmost 18 th group are called the inert or noble gases.
The chemical properties are studied comparing one element with another in the same group or period. Atomic radius increases in a group from top to bottom. Atomic radius decreases from left to right in a period. Similarly metallic charactr, eletron affinity etc are studied.
====================
There are other forms of periodic table made by different scientists in two dimensions, three dimensions and using colour also in a four dimensional table. There are also extensions with g block consisting of newly synthesized elements. A spiral table developed by T Benfy in 1960 with Hydrogen at the center is a popular one.
Answer:
the modern periodic table consists of 18 groups and 7 periods
periods
☑️.. there are 7 periods of elements as follows
☑️.. spirit has two elements hydrogen and helium and called very short period
☑️.. second period has eight elements lithium to neon and is called short period
☑️.. the period has eight elements sodium to eragon and call short period
☑️.. what period has 18 elements potassium to krypton and call long period
☑️.. 5th period has 18 elements rubodium to xenon and called long period
☑️.. 6 period has 32 elements caesium to ununoctium and called very long period
☑️..14 elements each of the six and seven periods are placed separately at the bottom of the table
☑️.. 14th elements of vi period from cerium to lutilium are called lanthanides
☑️.. the 14 elements of the seventh period from thorium to lawrencium are called antinides
☑️.. in a period all of the elements contain same number of shells.
groups
☑️..faraar 18 groups and elements in the periodic table
☑️.. group 1 elements are called alkali metals
☑️..group 2 elements are called alkaline earth metals
☑️..group 3 to 12 elements are called transition elements
☑️..group 17 elements are called halogens
☑️..group 18 are called noble gases with zero group
☑️.. lanthanides and actinides are called inner transtion elements
☑️..in a group all the elements have same number of valence electrons examples group 1 elements are 1 valence electrons group 2 elements are to valence electrons and group 3 elements are three valence electrons.