explain (National Movement - The Early Phase
1885-1918)
Answers
It has been observed that the struggles for Freedom in India had been a merger of a series of Political, Socio-Cultural and Economic factors that led to the rise of Nationalism.
On 28 December 1885 Indian National Congress (INC) was founded in the premises of Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit School at Bombay. It was presided over by W.C Banerjee and attended by 72 delegates. A.O Hume played an instrumental role in the foundation of INC with an aim to provide Safety Valve to the British Government.
A.O Hume served as a first General Secretary of INC.
Real Aim of Congress is to trained the Indian youth in political agitation and to organise or to create public opinion in the country. For this they use the method of annual session where they discuss the problem and passed the resolution.
The first or early phase of Indian Nationalism is also termed as Moderate Phase (1885-1905). Moderate leaders were W.C Banerjee, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, R.C Dutt, Ferozeshah Mehta, George Yule etc.
Moderates have full faith in British Government and adopted PPP path i.e. Protest, Prayer and Petition.
Due to disillusionment from Moderates methods of work, extremism began to develop within the congress after 1892. The Extremist leaders were Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipinchandra Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh. Instead of PPP path they emphasise on self-reliance, constructive work and swadeshi.
With the announcement of Partition of Bengal (1905) by Lord Curzon for administrative convenience, Swadeshi and Boycott resolution was passed in 1905.
Congress Sessions during Swadeshi Movement:
I hope this helps