Explain nature and characteristics of planning in management
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Management:- Planning is a Primary Function of Management. Setting of goals and lines of action precedes the organization, direction, supervision and control. Planning precedes other functions of management. It is primary requisite but all functions are inter-connected.
2. Thinking and intellectual process: – Planning is intellectual process of predetermined thinking. It is a process of deciding about future actions. It includes the process where a number of steps are to be taken to decide the future course of action. Managers consider various courses of action which is necessary to achieve the desired goals and learn about the merits and demerits of every course of action and then finally decide what course of action may suit them best.
3. Planning is a continuous process: – Planning is a continuous process of a manager upon some assumptions. Therefore, the manager has to revise and adjust plans in the changing circumstances. Planning is a continuous process It involves continuous collection, evaluation and selection of data, and scientific investigation and analysis of the possible alternative courses of action and the selection of the best alternative.
4. Pervasiveness of planning: – Planning follows pervasiveness of planning. It is the function of every managerial personnel. The character, nature and scope of planning may change from personnel to personnel. It is universal activity. It is important to all managers in all levels as planning is required in all levels.
5. Based on facts: – Planning is not guess work but highly based on facts, realities, objectives and forecasting.
2. Thinking and intellectual process: – Planning is intellectual process of predetermined thinking. It is a process of deciding about future actions. It includes the process where a number of steps are to be taken to decide the future course of action. Managers consider various courses of action which is necessary to achieve the desired goals and learn about the merits and demerits of every course of action and then finally decide what course of action may suit them best.
3. Planning is a continuous process: – Planning is a continuous process of a manager upon some assumptions. Therefore, the manager has to revise and adjust plans in the changing circumstances. Planning is a continuous process It involves continuous collection, evaluation and selection of data, and scientific investigation and analysis of the possible alternative courses of action and the selection of the best alternative.
4. Pervasiveness of planning: – Planning follows pervasiveness of planning. It is the function of every managerial personnel. The character, nature and scope of planning may change from personnel to personnel. It is universal activity. It is important to all managers in all levels as planning is required in all levels.
5. Based on facts: – Planning is not guess work but highly based on facts, realities, objectives and forecasting.
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Nature, in the broadest sense, is the natural, physical, or material world of universe. Nature can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general.
The following are the essential of characteristics planning which describe the nature of planning:
1. Planning is primary function of management .
2. Planning focuses on objectives.
3. Planning is a function of all managers.
4. Planning as an intellectual process.
5. Planning as a continuous process.
6. Planning is dynamic.
7. It secures efficiency, economy and accuracy.
8. It involves forecasting.
9. Planning is realistic.
The following are the essential of characteristics planning which describe the nature of planning:
1. Planning is primary function of management .
2. Planning focuses on objectives.
3. Planning is a function of all managers.
4. Planning as an intellectual process.
5. Planning as a continuous process.
6. Planning is dynamic.
7. It secures efficiency, economy and accuracy.
8. It involves forecasting.
9. Planning is realistic.
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