Chemistry, asked by fatima27, 1 year ago

explain nomenclature of organic compounds

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Answered by Anonymous
0
nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organicchemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry IUPAC
Answered by Anonymous
3

Organic compound is a chemical compound containing hydogen and carbon atoms joined with single covalent bonds.


Nomenclature is the naming of these compounds .


The primary and secondary suffix play an important role in Nomenclature.


√ There are three components of an IUPAC name.

1 .root word

2. primary suffix

3. secondary suffix


The root word example meth , eth , but depends on the number of carbon atoms in the compound.


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Primary suffix


Depends upon the present of single,double or triple bonds

A one bonded compound is ended with -ane

A double bonded compound is ended with -ene

A triple bonded compound is ended with -yne

A single bonded organic compound is called alkane


Example : methane , ethane ,propane


A double bonded organic compound is called alkene


Example : ethene , propene [ methene does not exist can you guess why? ]


A triple bonded compound is called alkyne


Example : ethyne , propyne [ methyne does not exist ]


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Secondary suffix

This depends upon the presence of functional groups


Alcohols


They have OH group of atoms . The secondary suffix is -ol .


Examples :


CH 3 - OH  is called methanol

CH 3 - C H 2 - OH is called ethanol


Aldehydes


They have a double bond of O and another bond with H .Their secondary suffix is -al


Examples:-


H-CHO is called methanal

H 3 C - CHO is called ethanal

Note that all aldehydes begin from the compound.No aldehyde can be present in the middle of the compound.


Carboxylic acids


They have a double bond of O and another bond with OH .Their secondary suffix is -oic acid


Examples:-


CH 3 - COOH is called methanoic acid

CH3- CH 2 - COOH is called ethanoic acid

Note that all carboxylic acids begin from the compound.No acid can be present in the middle of the compound.


Ketones


Ketones have double bond O only .


This can only be present in the middle unlike aldehydes


Examples:


CH 3- O - CH -3 is propanone or 2-propanone

CH 3 - CO - C 2 H 5 is butanone 2 - butanone


Alkyl halides


Bromo contains Br atoms and Chloro contains Cl atoms


Examples :

CH 3 Cl is choro methane

CH 3 Br is bromo methane


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