explain nomenclature of organic compounds
Answers
Organic compound is a chemical compound containing hydogen and carbon atoms joined with single covalent bonds.
Nomenclature is the naming of these compounds .
The primary and secondary suffix play an important role in Nomenclature.
√ There are three components of an IUPAC name.
1 .root word
2. primary suffix
3. secondary suffix
The root word example meth , eth , but depends on the number of carbon atoms in the compound.
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Primary suffix
Depends upon the present of single,double or triple bonds
A one bonded compound is ended with -ane
A double bonded compound is ended with -ene
A triple bonded compound is ended with -yne
A single bonded organic compound is called alkane
Example : methane , ethane ,propane
A double bonded organic compound is called alkene
Example : ethene , propene [ methene does not exist can you guess why? ]
A triple bonded compound is called alkyne
Example : ethyne , propyne [ methyne does not exist ]
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Secondary suffix
This depends upon the presence of functional groups
Alcohols
They have OH group of atoms . The secondary suffix is -ol .
Examples :
CH 3 - OH is called methanol
CH 3 - C H 2 - OH is called ethanol
Aldehydes
They have a double bond of O and another bond with H .Their secondary suffix is -al
Examples:-
H-CHO is called methanal
H 3 C - CHO is called ethanal
Note that all aldehydes begin from the compound.No aldehyde can be present in the middle of the compound.
Carboxylic acids
They have a double bond of O and another bond with OH .Their secondary suffix is -oic acid
Examples:-
CH 3 - COOH is called methanoic acid
CH3- CH 2 - COOH is called ethanoic acid
Note that all carboxylic acids begin from the compound.No acid can be present in the middle of the compound.
Ketones
Ketones have double bond O only .
This can only be present in the middle unlike aldehydes
Examples:
CH 3- O - CH -3 is propanone or 2-propanone
CH 3 - CO - C 2 H 5 is butanone 2 - butanone
Alkyl halides
Bromo contains Br atoms and Chloro contains Cl atoms
Examples :
CH 3 Cl is choro methane
CH 3 Br is bromo methane
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