Question

Explain orbital overlap concept in chemistry with diagram. Answer must be not from internet

Answer 1

AnswEr:-

According to orbital overlap concept, covalent bond formed between atoms results in the overlap of orbitals belonging to the atoms having opposite spins of electrons. Formation of hydrogen molecules as a result of overlap of two atomic orbitals of hydrogen atoms is shown in the figures that follows:-

$\setlength{\unitlength}{20} \begin{picture}(0, 0) \put(2, 2){ \circle{14}}\put(2, 2){ \circle*{0.2}}\put(5, 2){ \circle{14}}\put(5, 2){ \circle*{0.2}}\put(3.5, 1.8){ + } \put(7, 1.8){ \longrightarrow }\put(9, 2){ \circle{14}} \linethickness{20}\put(9.35, 2){ \line(1,0){0.5}}\put(9.35, 2.15){ \line(1,0){0.01}}\put(9.45, 2.15){ \line(1,0){0.3.2}}\put(10.2, 2){ \circle{14}}\put(9.6, 2.6){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(9.6, 1.4){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(9.7, 1.6){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(9.75, 1.7){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(9.79, 1.9){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(9.8, 2){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(9.8, 2.1){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(9.8, 2.2){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(9.4, 1.7){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(9.5, 1.5){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(9.5, 1.6){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(9.5, 1.7){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(9.4, 1.8){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(9.4, 2){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(9.5, 2.5){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(9.4, 2.2){ \circle*{0.4}}\put(1, 0.5){ \tt 1s \: Orbital }\put(1, 0){ \tt of \: H-atom }\put(4, 0.5){ \tt 1s \: Orbital }\put(4, 0){ \tt of \: H-atom }\put(8.5, 0.5){ \tt Overlapping \:\: of }\put(8.5, 0){ \tt atomic \:\: orbitals }\put(8.9, 2){ \circle*{0.2}}\put(10.4, 2){ \circle*{0.2}}\end{picture}$

Stability of a molecular orbital depends upon the extent of the overlap of the atomic orbitals.