Question

explain ortho para and meta directing effect

Answer 1

Electron donating groups are generally ortho/para directors for electrophilic aromatic substitutions, while electron withdrawing groups are generally meta directors with the exception of the halogens which are also ortho/para directors as they have lone pairs of electrons that are shared with the aromatic ring.

Answer 2

In a delocalised system (ex-benzene ring) if a functional group direct the position of incoming group to ortho and para positon then it is called ortho-para directing group and if direct to the meta position ,it is called meta directing group.