Question

Explain over- modulation its reasons & how it
can be prevented?
​

Answer 1

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Definition:

If the level of modulation is raised up above a modulation index of 1, i.e. more than 100% modulation this causes what is termed over-modulation.

Or,

Over-modulation occurs when this maximum level is exceeded, and the result is DISTORTION, or even equipment damage. 

Reason:

The carrier experiences 180° phase reversals where the carrier level would try to go below the zero point. These phase reversals give rise to additional sidebands resulting from the phase reversals (phase modulation). These sideband caused by the phase reversal extend out, in theory to infinity. This can cause serious interference to other users if not filtered.

prevention:

LIMITERs are used to prevent over-modulation and PEAK CLIPPING. Percentage of modulation is measured on a VU METER.

In music, modulation refers to harmonic change from one key or tonality to another.

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Answer 2

Answer:

If the level of modulation is raised up above a modulation index of 1, i.e. more than 100% modulation this causes what is termed over-modulation.

Or,

Over-modulation occurs when this maximum level is exceeded, and the result is DISTORTION, or even equipment damage.