explain pakistan ideology briefly.
Answers
Answer:
Pakistan is an Islamic ideology.
Answer:
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Explanation:
The two-nation theory is the basis of the creation of Pakistan. It states that Muslims and Hindus are two separate nations by every definition; therefore, Muslims should be able to have their own separate homeland in the Muslim majority areas of India, in which Islam can be practiced as the dominant religion.[1] The two-nation theory was a founding principle of the Pakistan Movement (i.e. the ideology of Pakistan as a Muslim nation-state in South Asia), and the partition of India in 1947.[2]
The ideology that religion is the determining factor in defining the nationality of Indian Muslims and Hindus was first propagated by people like Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and later adopted by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who termed it as the awakening of Muslims for the creation of Pakistan.[3] It is also a source of inspiration to several Hindu nationalist organisations, with causes as varied as the establishment of a legally Hindu state in India, prohibition of conversions to Islam, and the promotion of conversions or reconversions of Indian Muslims to Hinduism.[4][5][6][7]
In reality, this idea was proposed by many people since late 19th century. M. Rafique Afzal writes in 'The Punjab Past and Present, Origin of Idea for a Separate Muslim State:
Jamal-ud-din Afghani was "the first who thought of the possibility of establishing a Muslim Republic embracing Central Asian Republics Afghanistan and the muslim majority areas the subcontinent" (Qureshi, op.cit) . Abdul Halim Sharar, in August, 1890, suggested partition of India between the Hindus and Muslims(Dr. Abdus Salam Khurshid, Kārwān-i-Sahāfat, Karachi, 1964, p. 67).Theodore Morison, in 1899, proposed for the solution of India's political disabilities the concentration of the entire Muslim population of the sub-continent in the territory extending from Agra to Peshāwar (Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, Vol. XIX, January-April, 1966, Lahore, p. 7). In 1910, Allama Iqbal expressed the view that there should be a separate Muslim State in the sub-continent (Ch. Habib Ahmad, Tahrik-i-Pākistān aur Nationalist Ulāma, Lahore, 1966, p. 11). In 1913, reference was made to this subject in the Comrade (Pirzāda, op. cit.), Chaudhuri Rahmat Ali claims, in his pamphlet on Pakistan, that an address to Bazam-i-Shibli in 1915, he expressed views for the forming of a Muslim State. During World War I, Lovat Fraser mentioned the existence of a "Muslim corridor" from Constantinople to Sahāranpur. In 1917, Kheiri Brothers (Dr. Abdul Jabbār Kheiri and Prof. Abdus Sattār Kheiri) suggested the partition of India in the Stockholm Conference of the Socialist International. In 1920, Zul-Qarnain of Badaun published an open letter from one Muhammad Abdul Qadir Bīlgrāmi to Gandhi proposing the Partition of India. Sardār Gul Muhammad Khān of Dera Ismaīl Khān (N.W.F. Province) advocated the Partition of India in 1923 before the Frontier Inquiry Committee (Qureshi, op. cit.), Bhai Parmanand, the veteran Arya Samaj leader, also referred to this subject twice in 1923 (Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, op. cit.).[8]
There are varying interpretations of the two-nation theory, based on whether the two postulated nationalities can coexist in one territory or not, with radically different implications. One interpretation argued for sovereign autonomy, including the right to secede, for Muslim-majority areas of the Indian subcontinent, but without any transfer of populations (i.e. Hindus and Muslims would continue to live together). A different interpretation contends that Hindus and Muslims constitute "two distinct, and frequently antagonistic ways of life, and that therefore they cannot coexist in one nation."[9] In this version, a transfer of populations (i.e. the total removal of Hindus from Muslim-majority areas and the total removal of Muslims from Hindu-majority areas) is a desirable step towards a complete separation of two incompatible nations that "cannot coexist in a harmonious relationship".[10][11]
Opposition to the theory has come from two sources. The first is the concept of a single Indian nation, of which Hindus and Muslims are two intertwined communities.[12] This is a founding principle of the modern, officially secular, Republic of India. Even after the formation of Pakistan, debates on whether Muslims and Hindus are distinct nationalities or not continued in that country.[13] The second source of opposition is the concept that while Indians are not one nation, neither are the Muslims or Hindus of the subcontinent, and it is instead the relatively homogeneous provincial units of the subcontinent which are true nations and deserving of sovereignty; this view has been presented by the Baloch,[14] Sindhi,[15] and Pashtun[16] sub-nationalities of Pakistan.