explain pariharas analysis in the context of brahmadeya grants long type answer 600 word
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Land Grants in Brahmadeya, Devadana, and Agrahara
Land donations to religious institutions were referred to as Brahmadeya (donated to Brahmins), Devadana (donated to Gods), and Agrahara (Settlement – of priests) These lands donated to temples and monasteries carried a right vested in the temple authorities to call for unpaid labour (called Vishti) from the tillers on the donated land as a religious service to the temple.
As seen in the South Indian context, lands were given as brahmadeya to a single Brahmana or to several Brahmana families ranging from a few to several hundreds or even more than a thousand. Brahmadeyas were almost always found near major irrigation works like tanks or lakes. When brahmadeyas were formed, new irrigation sources were frequently built, particularly in rain-fed areas and arid and semi-arid regions. They served to integrate other settlements of a subsihena level of production when they were located in areas of intensive agriculture in river valleys. A brahmadeya or an agrahara was formed by combining two or more settlements.
The taxes from such villages were assigned to the Brahmana donees, who also had the right to cultivate the donated land. The boundaries of the donated land or village were frequently meticulously delineated. Within the village, different types of land were specified, including wet, dry, and garden land. Specific crops and trees are sometimes mentioned. Land donations entailed more than just the transfer of land rights. In many cases, along with the village's revenues and economic resources, h u m v resources such as peasants (cultivators), misans, and others were also transferred to donees. There is also mounting evidence of encroachment on villagers' rights to communal lands such as lakes and ponds.
As a result:
the Brahmanas became managers of agricultural and artisanal production in these settlements, for which they formed assemblies.
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Pariharas analysis in the context of brahmadeya:
- Land donations granted to religious organisations were referred as as Brahmadeya, Devadana, and Agrahara (Settlement - of Priests). Apart from being used as conventional tenancies, these given lands to temples and monasteries also came with a power granted to the temple officials to request unpaid labour (known as Vishti) from the land's tillers as a religious duty to the temple.
- According to the South Indian context, land grants known as brahmadeya could be made to a single Brahmana or to a number of Brahmana households numbering from a few to several hundreds or even more than a thousand. Brahmadeyas were typically found close to significant irrigation projects, including tanks or lakes. When brahmadeyas were built, new irrigation sources were frequently built, especially in rain-dependent areas and in dry and semi-arid regions. They served to integrate neighbouring villages of a subsihena level of productivity when they were situated in areas of intensive agriculture in the river valleys. It was occasionally possible to combine two or more towns to create an agrahara or a brahmadeya.
- The Brahmana donees, who also had the right to farm the donated land, received the taxes from these communities. The boundaries of the village or donated land were frequently precisely marked. There were details about the many types of land in the village, including wet, dry, and garden land. Even specific types of plants and trees are occasionally specified.
- More than just the transfer of land rights was meant by the donations of land. For instance, in many instances, donees also received human resources like peasants (cultivators), misans, and others in addition to the village's earnings and economic resources. Additionally, there is mounting evidence that villager rights to community lands like lakes and ponds are being infringed upon. As a result, the Brahmanas organised themselves into assemblies and took control of the agricultural and handicraft production in these villages.
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