Question

Explain Pavlov's experiment to dog (acquired or conditioned reflexes).

Answer 1

$\large{\underline{\underline{\sf{\red{Pavlov's~ Experiment~ on~ Dog: Acquired~}}}}}$

$\large{\underline{\underline{\sf{\red{or~ Conditioned~ Reflexes}}}}}$

• One learns things by experience and gradually responds to it unconsciously. This is called acquired or conditioned reflexes.
• For example, playing a musical instrument, working on keyboard on a computer, applying brakes suddenly while driving on finding an obstacle, watering of mouth on seeing some tasty food, dancing, cycling, etc., are acquired reflexes.

Pavlov's well-known experiment on conditioned salivation reflex to the sound of bell is a good example of the formation of a conditioned or acquired reflex.

• Step 1: A bell was rung near a dog. Dog did not respond. No salivation occurred.

• Step 2: Food was placed near the dog. The dog salivated.

• Step 3: Bell was rung and then the dog was provided with food. The dog salivated. This was repeated for several days.

• Step 4: Bell was rung but food was not given to the dog, yet the dog salivated.

In this experiment, the ringing of the bell is an indifferent or neutral stimulus. Food is the stimulus which evokes the acquired reflex, i.e., salivation.

Combining the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, and repeating it several times leads the dog to associate the ringing of the bell with the food. Thus, even when the food is not provided, the dog responds to the bell by salivating.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Pavlov called the dogs' anticipatory salivation "psychic secretion". Putting these informal observations to an experimental test, Pavlov presented a stimulus (e.g. the sound of a metronome) and then gave the dog food; after a few repetitions, the dogs started to salivate in response to the stimulus.