Question

Explain physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals

Answer 1

Answer:

Physical Properties:-

Physical PropertiesNon-metals are brittle and break into pieces when beaten. Example: Sulphur and phosphorus. ... Non-metals are insulators or poor conductors of electricity and heat because they do not lose electrons to transmit the energy. At room temperature, they can be in the state of solids, liquids or gases.

Chemical Properties:-

Unlike metals, nonmetals aren't malleable and ductile. Nonmetals react more with metals than with nonmetals. Usually, nonmetals react with other nonmetals in high temperature. Most nonmetals do not react with air in room temperature.

Answer 2

$\begin{gathered}\Large\bf{\color{cyan}Physical\:properties - } \\ \end{gathered}$

1 .Appearance -

☆ METALS - Metals have a shiny appearance or metallic

☆NON METALS - Nonmetals have a dull appearence lustre

Exceptions : iodine and graphite

2.Malleability -

☆ METALS - Metals are malleable which means they can be beaten into thin sheets.

Most Malleable- Au ,Ag

Exceptions : soft metals

like sodium and potassium

☆ NON METALS - non metals are not malleable

3.Ductility -

☆ METALS - Metals are ductile ,which means they can be drawn into wires

Most Ductile: Au , Ag

Exceptions: soft metals

like sodium and potassium.

☆ NON METALS - Nonmetals are not ductile mean they can not drawn into wires

4.Conductivity -

☆ METALS -Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity (as they have free electrons) .

Best Conductors : gold and silver

Poor Conductor Of Heat : Lead .

☆ NON METALS - Nonmetals are bad conductors of heat and electricity

Exception : Graphite

5.Hardness

☆ METALS - Metals are hard and strong . they have high tensile strength i.e they can bear heavy load without breaking.

Exceptions: soft metals

like sodium and potassium.

☆ NON METALS - Nonmetals are soft and brittle. occurring substance.they break into pieces when hammered.

Exceptions : diamond which is hardest known naturally

$\begin{gathered}\Large\bf{\color{lime}Chemical \: properties - } \\ \end{gathered}$

1 . Reaction with oxygen -

☆ METALS - Metals react with oxygen to form metallic oxides which are basic in nature and They dissolve in water to form corresponding hydroxides or oxides which turns red litmus blue. for ex,

Magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide.

2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

Magnesium oxide + water → magnesium hydroxide.(turns red litmus paper blue)

MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2

☆ NON METALS - Nonmetals react with oxygen to form nonmetallic oxides which are acidic in nature. They dissolve in water to acids which turn blue litmus red.For ex,

Sulphur + oxygen → sulphur dioxide

S + O2 → SO2

Sulphur dioxide + water → sulphurous acid.(turns blue litmus paper red)

SO2 + H2O → H2SO3

2 . Reaction with water -

☆ METALS - Different metals react differently with water to form their corresponding hydroxides and hydrogen gas is released. For ex

Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen

2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

☆ NON METALS - Non metals do not react with water .Nonmetal like phosphorus which is very reactive with oxygen in the air and may catch fire if exposed to air, is stored in water as it does not react with it.

3 . Reaction with acids:-

☆ METALS - Metals react with acids to form corresponding metal salts and release hydrogen gas. for ex ,

Aluminium + hydrochloric acid → aluminium chloride + Hydrogen.

2Al + 6HCl → 2 AlCl3 + 3H2

Copper does not react with Dilute HCl but it reacts with sulphuric acid.

☆ NON METALS - Non metals do not react with acids except sulphur which reacts with hot concentrated nitric acid.