Question

Explain postulates of Sommerfields atomic model?​

Answer 1

1) The orbits may be both circular or elliptical. 2) When path is elliptical , then there are two axis – major axis & minor axis. When length of major & minor axis become equal then orbit is circular.

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Answer 2

Answer:

The important postulates of Sommerfield's atomic model are:

• Both circular and elliptical orbits are possible.
• When a path is elliptical, it has two axes: the major axis and the minor axis. When the lengths of the major and minor axes are identical, the orbit becomes circular.
• kh/ 2 is the angular momentum of an electron travelling in an elliptical orbit. Except for zero, k is an integer.
• Sub energy levels, according to Sommerfeld, make up orbits. These are the letters s,p,d, and f. The energy of these sub-shells differ slightly.
• The difference in energy (E) when an electron jumps from one orbit to another is determined by sub-energy levels.
• It clarifies the splitting of individual hydrogen spectral lines and hence the fine spectrum. It was unable to anticipate the precise number of lines present in the fine spectrum.

Explanation:

In general, according to Sommerfeld, an electron's path around the nucleus is an ellipse with the nucleus at one of its foci. The velocity of an electron travelling in an elliptical orbit varies at various points along its path. The mass of the travelling electron varies relativistically as a result of this.

Sommerfeld's model states that for any principal quantum number n, there are n potential sub-orbits or sub-shells with various eccentricities. One of the n subshells is circular, whereas the others (i.e., n-1) are elliptical.

Because of the relativistic difference in electron mass, these hypothetical sub-orbits have slightly different energies. The electron's velocity is greatest when it is closest to the nucleus and lowest when it is farthest from the nucleus, according to Sommerfeld, since the electron's orbit is elliptical. This means that the electron's effective mass will vary depending on where it is in its orbit. Sommerfeld adjusted his theory to account for relativistic variations in electron mass and demonstrated that the electron's path is a precessing ellipse known as a rosette, rather than a simple ellipse.