Question

Explain reflex arc in detail.​

Answer 1

Answer:

A reflex is an involuntary response to a sensory stimulus. The pathway of neurones involved in a reflex is known as a reflex arc. A reflex arc - such as quickly moving your hand away from a hot flame - involves just three neurones. A reflex arc begins with the stimulus - the heat from the hot flame. A receptor - such as the temperature receptors in the skin of the hand create a nerve impulse in a sensory neurone. A sensory neurone then passes the nerve impulse to the spinal cord. An intermediate (or relay) neurone links the sensory neurone to the motor neurone in the spinal cord. A motor neurone carries the nerve impulse from the spinal cord to a muscle in the upper arm. An effector - the muscle in the upper arm that is stimulated to contract produces the effect. Thus, the overall response is the hand pulling away quickly from the hot flame.

Answer 2

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A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex. In vertebrates, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord. This allows for faster reflex actions to occur by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of routing signals through the brain. The brain will receive the sensory input while the reflex is being carried out and the analysis of the signal takes place after the reflex action.

There are two types: autonomic reflex arc (affecting inner organs) and somatic reflex arc (affecting muscles). Autonomic reflexes sometimes involve the spinal cord and some somatic reflexes are mediated more by the brain than the spinal cord.[1]

During a somatic reflex, nerve signals travel along the following pathway:[1]

Somatic receptors in the skin, muscles and tendons

Afferent nerve fibers carry signals from the somatic receptors to the posterior horn of the spinal cord or to the brainstem

An integrating center, the point at which the neurons that compose the gray matter of the spinal cord or brainstem synapse

Efferent nerve fibers carry motor nerve signals from the anterior horn to the muscles

Effector muscle innervated by the efferent nerve fiber carries out the response.

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