Question

explain regulation of the kidney functioning

Answer 1

Regulation of Kidney Function

When there is excessive loss of fluid from the body, osmoreceptors are activated which stimulate the hypothalamus to release ADH – antidiuretic hormone from neurohypophysis. This hormone helps in reabsorption of water from the latter parts of the tubule and prevents the loss of water from the body. When the fluid volume of body increases, osmoreceptors are switched off and the release of ADH is suppressed. ADH may also increase the blood pressure thereby increasing the glomerular blood flow. When the glomerular blood flow decreases, juxtaglomerular cells release renin which converts angiotensin in blood to angiotensin I which is further converted to angiotensin II. This causes an increase in glomerular blood pressure. It converts angiotensin in blood to angiotensin I. It is further converted to angiotensin II. This causes an increase in glomerular blood pressure.

Another function of angiotensin II is activation of the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone which causes reabsorption of sodium ion and water from the distal parts of the tubule. This also leads to an increase in blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate. This entire mechanism is known as the renin-angiotensin mechanism.  The atrial Natriuretic factor is released when there is an increase in blood flow to the atria of the heart. It can cause a decrease in blood pressure by dilating blood vessels.

Answer 2

The functioning of the kidney is efficiently monitored and regulated by the hormonal feedback mechanism involving the hypothalamus JGA and a certain extent the heart
osmoreceptors in the body are activated by the changes in the blood volume body fluid volume and the ionic concentration
an excess loss of the fluid from the body can activate these receptors which stimulate the hypothalamus to release the antidiuretic hormone ( adh) or vasopressin from the neutrophylesis ADH facilitates water reabsorption from later parts of the tubule thereby preventing the a diuresis
an increase in body fluid volume can switch off the osmoreceptors and suppress the A D H released to complete the feedback A D H can also affect the kidney function by is constructive effect on blood vessels
discos an increase in the blood pressure and increase in the blood pressure can increase the Glomerular blood flow and thereby the GFR
a g a place a complex regulatory role a fall in global Arora blood Donor blood pressure can active the JG cells to released renin which converts angiotensinogen in blood to angiotensin 1 and further to angiotensin ii being powerful vasoconstrictor increase the glomerular blood pressure and thereby GF or angiotensin II also activates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone . aldosterone cause reabsorption of Na+ and water from the distal parts of the tubule
this also leads to the increase in the blood pressure and GF are these Complex mechanism is generally known as known as the renin angiotensin mechanism

an increase in blood flow to the Atria of the blood can cause the release of atrial natriuretic factor (AFN ) can cause vascodilation and thereby the blood pressure ,AFN mechanism therefore acts as a check on the renin - angiotensin mechanism

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