Question

Explain relavistic Doppler effect.

BSC

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Answer 1

$\huge \bf \red {\mid{ \overline{ \underline{ANSWER}} \mid}}$

$\bf{DOPPLER'S EFFECT}$

Relativistic Treatment
As most readers must have read in physics according to. This phenomenon the pitch sound observed by an observer is different in two cases, firstly when both the source and observer are stationary and secondly when there is relative motion between them. When source and observer are approaching each other, the apparent frequency is increased and when receding, decreased. This phenomenon is called doppler's effect which occurs with all kinds of wave motion, although in case of mechanical waves involving a material medium, its nature is some what different from the case of electromagnetic waves such as light where no medium is involved . In the case of light waves, if spectrum is observed in a spectrometer, a shift in the position of spectral line from the original position is observed with the motion of source.

we first consider the case when the observer is at rest and the source is moving towards it velocity u. let the frequency of the source be f so that the time period
T=1/f
and the wave speed be c in a time time interval T during which one cycle of wave is emitted the wave progresses a at distance cT but in the same period the source wave in the same direction distance u T hence wavelength which is distance between two successive maximum in the wave is cT-uT instead of cT.
Hence the corresponding frequency denoted by f1' its given by

f1'= c/ T(c-u)= cf/c-u

= f/ 1-(c/u)........ (1)

which represents and Apparent increase in the frequency if the source is moving away from the observer we put - u in place of u in equation( 1st) and get the corresponding f1'

in the second case When the source is stationary but the observer is moving with the velocity v from the source the wave is speed relative to the observer is not c but c-v and hence apparent frequency in the case is.

= c-v/c/f
= c-v/c*f

$1 - \frac{v}{c} f \: .......(2)$

now both observer and source are moving

$\bf{\lambda \tiny{1} = \frac{c}{f \tiny{1}} } = \: \frac{c - u}{ \lambda}$

$\huge \sf \pink{\mid {THANKS} \mid}$

Answer 2

$\sf{\huge{Relativistic \: Doppler's \: effect}}$

Whenever there is a relative motion between the source of a sound, the observer and the medium ; the frequency of sound as received by the observer is different from the frequency of sound emitted by the source.

The apparent change in the frequency of sound when the source, the observer and the medium are in relative motion is called Doppler Effect.

Doppler effect is a wave phenomenon.,it holds not only for sound waves but also for electromagnetic waves such as$\bold {microwaves \:, radiowaves\:, and visible \: light.}$ However, Doppler Effect is noticeable only when the relative velocity between the source and the observer is an appreciable fraction of the wave velocity.

Doppler effect in sound is $\bold {asymmetric}$. However, the Doppler effect in light is $\bold {symmetric}$. This is because sound or mechanical waves, in general, have a velocity relative to the medium through which they travel whereas light or electromagnetic waves travel quite independent of it.