Question

Explain Reported Speech ?
Explain Types of reported speech ?
Explain with examples ?

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Answer 1

Reported Speech

• Reported speech is a way we can represent someone else's speech or what we had said previously.

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Types of Reported Speech

• There are two main types of reported speech they are -: direct speech and indirect speech.
• When we say what the speaker had said as it is, it is known as direct speech.
• When we express what the speaker said in our own words, it is known as indirect speech.

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For Example -:

1. Direct Speech -: Rhea said, "I will be going to Dehradun in my holidays."

Indirect Speech -: Rhea said that she would be going to Dehradun in her holidays.

2. Direct Speech -: Nitin said, "I read this book from the library last week."

Indirect Speech -: Nitin said that he read that book from the library the previous week.

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NOTE -:

While converting direct to indirect speech,

• Remove quotation marks, change time and place.
• Change the tense of the sentence.
• Add the conjunction "that".
• Change the pronoun.
• If the phrase "said to" is present in direct speech change it to "told" while converting to indirect speech.
• When reporting verb is "says" we let it remain the same.

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Exception to Changing Present Tense into Past Tense during Conversion

• Scientific Facts and General Truths are not changed into past tense.
• When the reporting verb is "says", sentence will not be changed into past tense.

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Verb - Tense Changes in Direct and Indirect Speech

$\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\cline{1-2}Direct Speech & Indirect Speech \\\cline{1-2} Present Simple & Past Simple \\\cline{1-2}Present Continuous &Past Continuous\\\cline{1-2} Present Perfect & Past Perfect \\\cline{1-2}Past Simple & Past Perfect\\\cline{1-2}Present Perfect Continuous & Past Perfect Continuous\\\cline{1-2}\end{tabular}$

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Time Changes in Direct and Indirect Speech

$\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\cline{1-2}Direct Speech & Indirect Speech \\\cline{1-2} Today & That Day \\\cline{1-2} Now & Then\\\cline{1-2} Tomorrow & The next day \\\cline{1-2}Yesterday & The previous day \\\cline{1-2}Last Month & The Month Before \\\cline{1-2}\end{tabular}$

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Place Changes in Direct and Indirect Speech

$\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\cline{1-2}Direct Speech & Indirect Speech \\\cline{1-2} Here & There \\\cline{1-2}This Place &That Place \\\cline{1-2} In this Room & In that Room \\\cline{1-2}\end{tabular}$

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Answer 2

${ \underline{ \underline{ \pmb{ \textsf{ \textbf{Required Answer \: \: : }}}}}}$

❒ Reported Speech:

➺ Reported Speech is a way of words spoken by a person are put in our own words or the exact words spoken by a person are used.

❒ There are two ways of reporting what someone has spoken:

a) When the exact words spoken by a person are used , it is called direct speech.

b) When the words spoken by a person are put in our own words , it is called indirect speech.

➺ For example:

❒ Suppose your friend told you that you have a good handwriting. You want to convey this to your parents.You can do it in either of these two ways :

• My friend said to me, "You have a good handwriting. (Direct speech)

• My friend told me that I had a good handwriting.(indirect speech)

❒ Related information :

• The exact words of the speaker, written within Quotation marks or Inverted commas (“ ”) is called Reported speech.

• The verb that introduces the Reported speech is called a Reporting verb

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❍ How verbs change in reported speech?

$\begin{gathered}\boxed{\boxed {\begin{array}{ |c |c|} \sf{\bf{\underline{Direct \: Speech}}}&\sf{\bf{\underline{Indirect \: Speech}}} \\ \\ \sf{Simple \: present} & \sf{Simple \: past} \\ \\ \sf{Present \: continuous }& \sf{Past \: continuous} \\ \\ \sf{Present \: perfect}& \sf{Past \: Perfect} \\ \\ \sf{Present \: perfect \: continuous }&\sf{Past \: Perfect \: continuous} \\ \\ \sf{Simple \: past}&\sf{Past \: perfect} \\ \\ \sf{Past \: \: perfect }&\sf{Past \: Perfect } \end{array}}}\end{gathered} </p><p>DirectSpeech$

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