Explain resources on the basis of : (1) ownership, (2) status of development
Answers
(1) Individual Resources: These are owned privately by individuals. Many farmers own land which is allotted to them by government against the payment of revenue. Urban people own houses, plots and other property. So plantation, pasture land, ponds, etc. are some of the examples of resource ownership by individuals.
Community-owned Resources: These are resources which are accessible to all the members of the community. For example, grazing grounds, burial grounds, village ponds, etc. and public parks, picnic spots, playground, etc. are accessible to all people. Thus they are community- owned resources.
National Resources: All the resources within the nation are called national resources. All the minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries and oceanic area upto 12 nautical miles from the coast and resources within the nation, belong to the nation.
International Resources: There are international institutions which regulate some resources. The oceanic resources beyond 200 kms of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no individual country can utilise these without the permission of international institutions.
(2)Potential Resources: Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised are called potential resources. For example, the western parts of India particularly Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far these have not been developed properly.
Stock: Materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but human beings do not have appropriate technology to access these, are included among stock. For example, water is a compound of two inflammable gases; hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used as rich source of energy. But we do not have the required technical know-how to use them for this purpose. Hence, it can be considered as stock.
Developed Resources: Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for ulilisation are called developed resources. The development of resources depends on technology and level of their feasibility.
Reserve: They can be put into use with the help of existing technical ‘know-how’ but their use has not been started. These can be used for meeting future requirements. For example, river water can be used for generating hydroelectric power but presently, it is being utilised only to a limited extent. Thus, the water in the dams, forests, etc. is a reserve which can be used in the future.