explain Rutherford alpha scattering experiment
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Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment changed the way we think of atoms. ... Rutherford directed beams of alpha particles (which are the nuclei of helium atoms and hence positively charged) at thin gold foil to test this model and noted how the alpha particles scattered from the foil.
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note : a - particles or particles are known as alpha particles.
experiment:
1.he selected a gold foil as it is only 1000 atoms thick
2. alpha particles are doubly charged helium particles
3. it was expected that a- particles would be deflected by the sub atomic particles in gold atom.
observation :
1. most of the a- particlescpassed straight through gold foil
2. some get deflected at small angles
3. one out of every 12000 particles appeared to rebound
conclusion:
1. most of the spaces inside gold foil is empty, so somd gone without deflection.
2. few particles were deflected at small angles indicating positive charge occupies little space
3. the rebounded paricles indicated that the positive charge and all mass is concentrated in a place in the atom.
feature:
1. there is a positively charged centre called nucleus. Nearly, all the mass of atom resides there.
2. the electrons revolve around the nucleus in definite orbits.
3. size of nucleus is small compared to size of atom.
drawbacks:
the orbital revolution of the electron expected to be stable. particles in orbit undergo acceleration. During acceleration charge particles would radiate energy. thus, the revolving electron lose energy and fall into the nucleus.if this happens, the atom do not exist.
experiment:
1.he selected a gold foil as it is only 1000 atoms thick
2. alpha particles are doubly charged helium particles
3. it was expected that a- particles would be deflected by the sub atomic particles in gold atom.
observation :
1. most of the a- particlescpassed straight through gold foil
2. some get deflected at small angles
3. one out of every 12000 particles appeared to rebound
conclusion:
1. most of the spaces inside gold foil is empty, so somd gone without deflection.
2. few particles were deflected at small angles indicating positive charge occupies little space
3. the rebounded paricles indicated that the positive charge and all mass is concentrated in a place in the atom.
feature:
1. there is a positively charged centre called nucleus. Nearly, all the mass of atom resides there.
2. the electrons revolve around the nucleus in definite orbits.
3. size of nucleus is small compared to size of atom.
drawbacks:
the orbital revolution of the electron expected to be stable. particles in orbit undergo acceleration. During acceleration charge particles would radiate energy. thus, the revolving electron lose energy and fall into the nucleus.if this happens, the atom do not exist.
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