Question

explain Rutherford atomic model ?

Answer 1

ANSWER :-

✨ RUTHERFORD ATOMIC MODEL OR ALPHA SCATTERING EXPERIMENT ✨

$\alpha - ray \: is \: the \: flow \: of \: {he}^{2 + \:} ions$
✴ Alpha he is bombarded over thin gold foil.

✨OBSERVATION ✨

✴ most of the Alpha particle pass through the thin gold foil without any deflection.

✴ sum of Alpha particle get deflected through less than 90°

✴ very few of Alpha Ray pass through thin gold file with deflection angle more than 90°

✴ one day in 15000 rays shows deflection through 180°.

✨ CONCLUSION OF RUTHERFORD MODEL ✨

✴ most part of the atom are empty.

✴ centre of the atom have highly dense reason which is positively charged reason known as nucleus.

✴ total mass of atom is concentrated in nucleus.

✴ size of nucleus is very less as compared to size of the atom.

$volume \: of \: atom \: = \: {10}^{15} \: \times \: volume \: of \: nucleous$

✴ electron revolves around the nucleus in circular path.

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❤BE BRAINLY❤

Answer 2

$\textbf{RUTHERFORD MODEL OF AN ATOM}$

Also called $\underline{Rutherford's}$ $\underline{Scattering}$ $\underline{Experiment}$. In this experiment a very thin gold foil is bombard by alpha-particles.

A stream of high energy alpha-particles from radioactive element, is bombard on a thin gold foil, foil has a circular fluorescent ZnS screen around it. Whenever alpha-particle after passing through gold foil, strikes to a ZnS circular screen. It produces a light. But results of scattering experiment were quite unexpected. It was $\underline{observed}$ that :-

* A small fraction of the alpha-particles was deflected by small angles.

* Most of the alpha-particles passing through gold foil undeflected.

* A very few alpha-particles bounded, were deflected by nearly 180°.
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→ On the basis of the above observations, Rutherford gave some $\underline{conclusions}$ :-

* As most of the alpha-particles passed through foil undeflected, it means most of the space of the gold atom is empty.

* A few positively alpha-particles were deflected because of a very small nuclear position of the gold atoms.

* By this Rutherford conclude that the volume occupied by the nucleus is very small as compared to the nucleus of an atom.
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→ On the basis of the above observations and conclusions, Rutherford proposed the $\underline{structure}$ $\underline{of}$ $\underline{an}$ $\underline{atom}$ :-

* Atom consists of two parts - Nuclear and Extra nuclear protons.

› Nuclear proton - Has nucleus or positive parts or protons.

› Extra nuclear proton - Has electrons or negative part.

* Nucleus is surrounded by electrons that move around the nucleus with a very high speed in circular path or orbits.

* Total positive charge of nucleus is equal to the total negative charge of electrons, in that atom. So, on atom is electrically neutral.
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