Question

explain Rutherford experiment​

Answer 1

Answer:

Rutherford's Experiment refers to the Alpha Particles Scattering Experiment.

Aim:

The main aim of this experiment was to determine the shape of an atom and the nucleus. This experiment was conducted by 3 scientists namely, Ernst Rutherford, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marden.

Procedure:

In this experiment, a very thin gold foil was taken. After fixing it to a screen, a beam of alpha particles were allowed to flow through the gold foil. Rutherford actually had some ready made observations based on his theory. But the observations he observed were different.

Observations:

→ 95% of the particles which were passed went through the gold foil without any deflection.

→ Some 3%-4% were seen to get deflected at random angles while 1%-2% were seen to deflect exactly by 180°.

Conclusions:

→ More than 99% of the atom is empty.

→ The remaining 1% constitute the overall mass of the atom which is at the centre of the atom.

He then gave the thesis that Atom has all the positively charged particles in its centre with electrons present in the empty space. Due to this the atom was considered to be electrically neutral.

Drawbacks:

He was not able to explain the fact that electrons in circular motion would lose energy and thus fall into the nucleus causing the atom to be unstable which was not observed in the nature..

Also he was not able to explain why the electrons were able to get excited by absorbing and emitting spectrum of light.

These are the main points of Rutherford's Experiment.

Answer 2

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»Rutherford bombarded a thin gold foil with high speed alpha particles which are obtained from radioactive material

»Alpha rays are made to travel in straight lines by passing them through Lead sheets having holes at their centres .zinc sulphide screen was placed behind the gold foil to know the position of the alpha rays .

Rutherford observed that :

1. most of the Alpha particles passed without any deflection
2. some of them were deflected away from their path
3. only a few were returned back to their original direction of propagation

Rutherfords atomic model:

the main features of this model are

1. atom is Spherical and hollow
2. the total mass and total positive charge is concentrated in a small region at the centre part of the atom which is called in nucleus
3. this model is called solar Model or planetary model
4. electrons and nucleus are held Together by electrostatic force of attraction