Question

Explain Rutherford model of an atom.​

Answer 1

Definition of the Rutherford Model

In many ways, the Rutherford model of the atom is the classic model of the atom, even though it's no longer considered an accurate representation. Rutherford's model shows that an atom is mostly empty space, with electrons orbiting a fixed, positively charged nucleus in set, predictable paths.

This model of an atom was developed by Ernest Rutherford, a New Zealand native working at the University of Manchester in England in the early 1900s. Rutherford spent most of his academic career researching aspects of radioactivity and, in 1908, won the Nobel Prize for his discoveries related to radioactivity. It was after this that Rutherford began developing his model of the atom.

Discovery of the Atom

The atom was first conceived of by the Greek philosopher Democritus in approximately 400 BCE. The concept was lost during the Dark Ages of Europe until 1803, when the British scientist John Dalton speculated that everything was composed of very tiny indivisible particles called atoms.

Dalton's simple model of an atom persisted until 1897, when another British physicist, J.J. Thomson, discovered that atoms contained tiny negatively charged particles called electrons. From 1897 to 1909, scientists thought that atoms were composed of electrons spread uniformly throughout a positively charged matrix. J.J. Thomson's model was known as the plum pudding model.

Dalton's model of the atom depicted a tiny, solid, indivisible sphere. Thomson's plum pudding model shows electrons (the green circles) distributed in a positively charged matrix.

Answer 2

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RUTHERFORD ATOMIC MODEL OR ALPHA SCATTERING EXPERIMENT

• α−ray is the flow of the 2+ ions
• Alpha ray is bombarded over thin gold foil.

OBSERVATION

• Most of the Alpha particle pàss through the thin gold foil without any deflection.
• Sum of Alpha particle get deflected through less than 90°
• Very few of Alpha Ray pàss through thin gold file with deflection angle more than 90°
• One ray in 15000 rays shows deflection through 180°.

CONCLUSION OF RUTHERFORD MODEL

• Most part of the atom are empty.
• Centre of the atom have highly dense reason which is positively charged reason known as nucleus.
• Total mass of atom is concentrated in nucleus.
• Size of nucleus is very less as compared to size of the atom.
• Volume of atom = 10¹⁵ × Volume Of Nucleous
• Electron revolves around the nucleus in circular path.