Question

explain rutherford model of atom , and if possible then please also explain cathode ray tube experiment.

Answer 1

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before the model of Rutherford, there was JJ Thomson's model of atom, which states that, the atom is like a cup cake pudding. that has the positively charged sphere along with negatively charged particle embedded in it.
and whole atom will be electrically neutral.

but in upcoming days, there was one of the most evolutionary change in the branch of science, specially in quantum mechanics.

this evolutionary change was the new structure of atom , that is given by the amazing scientist Rutherford.

so let's understand what is the rutherFord model of atom.

RUTHER FORD MODEL OF ATOM :- this was new and surprising structure of atom that was given by the amazing scientist Rutherford.

he stated that the atom has these following unique features:-

1). the atom has Central dense positively charged part that is the nucleus of atom.

2). the nucleus of atom is surrounded by the large empty spaces where the negatively charged particle used to revolve around it.

3) the nucleus is comparatively very small as compared to the whole atom.

But, this structure was given by the Rutherford, with the help of the experiment of gold foil.

so now let's discuss this gold foil experiment.

Gold foil experiment :- this was the experiment that was done by the scientist Rutherford. in this experiment he has taken the gold foil that has the thickness about 1000 atoms and he also taken one radioactive element.

after this, he take the radioactive element that is in the process of radioactive decay, or it was continuously radiating the Alpha particles. so when he take that radioactive element near the gold foil then all the Alpha particle get strike on the gold foil.

but he was surprised to see that, some of the Alpha particle get passed through the gold foil while few of them get deflected or bounced back.

so now he was wondering why this is happening? then he concluded that, these items must have one was actively charged dense centre that make the Alpha particle deflected, it get deflected because Alpha particle are also positively charged. and second point that he concluded that, these atom must have very large empty spaces by which these Alpha particles get easily passed.

but in upcoming days, this structure was also rejected because the Rutherford had given the right structure but he was not able to explain about the stability of atom. according to the Maxwell theory, is any particle moves in a circular motion with a high velocity then it must radiate some energy. and if the electrons are orbiting the nucleus with the high velocity then they must also radiate energy.
and later get collide in the nucleus of an atom.

so later the student of Rutherford, named as Bohr given the new structure of atom that was accepted till now.

now, hope you understand about the Rutherford Model of atom. now let's discuss your second topic cathode ray tube experiment.

Cathode ray tube experiment :- this was also one of the most evolutionary experiment that is done by the JJ Thomson. and because of this experiment only today we know one of the most important subatomic particle that is electron.

in this experiment, j j Thomson had taking the very hard and strong tube. after that he connected 1 positive terminal and 1 negative terminal that is anode and cathode. he connected this terminal with the high voltage battery. and after this he evacuated the tube with a vacuum pump.

evacuated because the air is a bad conductor of electricity and to remove that bad conductor he evacuated that tube.

after this when he switch on the power supply, then you show that a greenish bright light was coming from the cathode to anode.

when he put that in the electrical and magnetic field then, he saw that , the ray was showing deflection toward the positive charged plate.
that ensures that it was negatively charged particle.
and these negatively charged particles are nothing but today that we know electrons.

in the same way the proton were also discovered by making some modification in the cathode ray tube, in that the one of the great scientist goldstein had replaced the cathode with the perforated cathode and placed it in the middle of that cathode ray tube. the same experiment was later performed.

but now this time the good thing was able to see one new Ray that is coming from the cathode only but behind it.

when he placed it in the magnetic field then he was able to show that it get attracted towards the negative plate. so this confirms that, battery was positively charged and later it was called as anode Ray.

this anode Ray was the stream of positively charged particle that is the sub atomic particles called as proton.

hope you are satisfied with my answer

Answer 2

Rutherford atomic model also called nuclear atom or planetary model of the atom .The model described the atom as a tiny, dense, positively charged core called nucleus in which nearly all the mass is concentrated around which the light, negative constituents called electrons circulate at some distance much like plants revolving around the sun.
The nucleus was postulated as small and dense to account for the scattering of alpha particles from thin gold foil .A radioactive source capable of emitting alpha particles was enclosed within a protective lead shied .The radiation was focused into a narrow beam after passing through a slit in a lead screen. A thin section of gold foil was placed in front of the slit anf a screen coated with zinc sulfide to render it fluorescent served as a counter to detect alpha particles . As each alpha particle struck the fluorescent screen it would produce a burst of light called a scintillation which was visible through a viewing microscope attached to the back of screen .The screen itself was move able allowing Rutherford and his associates to determine whether or not any alpha particle were being deflected by the gold foil.most alpha particles were observed to pass straight through the gold foil which implied that atoms are composed of large amount of open space .Some alpha particles were deflected slightly suggesting interaction with other positively charged particles within the atom .still other alpha particles were scattered at large angle while a very few even bounced back toward the source .only a positive charged and relatively heavy target particle such as the proposed nucleus could account were regarded as traveling in circular orbit about the nucleus the electrostatic force of attraction between election and nucleus was linked to the gravitational force of attraction between the revolving plants and sun .The Rutherford model supplanted the plum pudding atomic model of English physicist sir J. J Thomson in which the electron were embedded in a positively charged atom like plum in a pudding .based wholly on classical physics the Rutherford model itself was superseded in few years by the board atomic model which incorporated some early quantum theory.