Question

Explain Rutherford's model of atom in class 12 physics chapter 12

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Answer 1

According to Rutherford's nuclear model of an atom:-

every atom consists of a central core called nucleus in which entire positive charge and most of the mass of atom is concentrated ,with the electrons some distance away..The electrons move in the orbits about the nucleus as the planets do around the sun ,the electrons are 10000 to 100000 times smaller than atoms thus there is a large empty space in an atom.with the atom being largely empty space,it is easy to see why most alpha-particles go right through a thin metal foil.As the positively charged  nucleus is surrounded by the negatively charged electrons ,electrical neutrality is maintained.

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Answer 2

Hey there!

Answer:


With Thompson's model of atom, the $\alpha$ particles would be expected to be only deflected by collisions with the electrons in the atom. On the basis of the result of alpha scattering experiment, Rutherford suggested the atom model:


1). An atom may be regarded as a sphere of diameter $10^{10}$m but whole of the positive charge and almost the entire mass of the atom is concentrated in a small central core, called nucleus, having a diameter of $10^{-14}$m


2). The nucleus is surrounded by the electrons. 
In other words, the electrons are spread over the remaining part of the atom, leaves the plenty of empty space in the atom.


3). As the atom is electrically neutral, the total positive charge on the nucleus is equal to the total negative charge of the electrons in the atom.


4). Rutherford pointed out that the electrons inside the atom are not stationary for if they were at rest, they would be pulled into the positive nucleus due to strong electrostaic force of attraction between the nucleus and the electrons.


He assumed that the electrons are resolving around the nucleus in circular orbits. The necessary centripetal force is provided to them by the electrostaic force of attraction between the nucleus and the electrons.


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