Explain ryotwari settlement
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Ryotwari System:-
▶This was a system of land revenue that was introduced by Thomas Munro in Madras in 1820.
▶Later it came into effect in Mumbai (the then Bombay) area.
▶This system established a direct settlement between the government and the ryots, i.e.the cultivators.
▶The revenue was directly collected from the cultivator and it was quite high.
▶The ryots were forced to pay revenue even when there were no crops due to floods, droughts or any other natural calamity.
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Ryotwari Settlement
The Ryotwari Settlement was introduced mainly in Madras, Berar, Bombay and Assam. Sir Thomas Munro introduced this system in the Madras Presidency. Under this settlement, the peasant was recognised as the proprietor of the land. There was no intermediary like a zamindar between the peasant and the government. So long as revenue was paid on time, the peasant was not evicted from the land. Besides, the land revenue was fixed for a period from 20 to 40 years at a time. During this period the peasant was held personally responsible for direct payment of land revenue to the government. However, in the end, this system also failed. Under this settlement it was certainly not possible to collect revenue in a systematic manner. The revenue officials indulged in harsh measures for non-payment or delayed payment.