Explain Signal transduction in guard cells.
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Guard cells are located in the leaf epidermis and pairwise surround stomatal pores, which allow CO2 influx for photosynthetic carbon fixation and water loss via transpiration to the atmosphere. Signal transduction mechanisms in guard cells integrate a multitude of different stimuli to modulate stomatal aperture. Stomata open in response to light. In response to drought stress, plants synthesize the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) which triggers closing of stomatal pores. Guard cells have become a well-developed system for dissecting early signal transduction mechanisms in plants and for elucidating how individual signaling mechanisms can interact within a network in a single cell. Previous reviews have described pharmacological modulators that affect guard cell signal transduction. Here we focus on mechanisms for which genes and mutations have been characterized, including signaling components for which there is substantial biochemical evidence such as ion channels which represent targets of early signal transduction mechanisms. Guard cell signaling pathways are illustrated as graphically linked models
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