Explain silage production.
Answers
the phase change that occurs when a substance goes directly from a solid to a gas. When sublimation occurs, the substance does not go through the liquid phase. Energy is required for a solid to sublime into a gas. In nature, the heat produced by sunlight is usually the energy source. An example of sublimation is how dry ice reacts when exposed to an average room temperature and pressure. Dry ice is carbon dioxide that was solidified through a complex process involving condensation into a liquid at very low temperature and high pressure and subsequent release of the pressure, which causes rapid evaporation of about half of the liquid CO2, providing enough energy to freeze the remaining liquid into solid CO2, or dry ice. When exposed to normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, dry ice sublimes into vapor.
The goal of silage production is to minimize biological degradation and conserve digestible nutrients. To do this, oxygen must be eliminated and silage acidity must increase rapidly so that lactic acid bacteria grow and stabilize the silage. The four phases of ensiling are the aerobic phase, lag phase, fermentation phase, and stable phase. By the end of the fermentation phase, silage temperature should reach a final low pH and bacterial growth will stop. Fast silo filling, good packing, and tight sealing are necessary for oxygen elimination. Particle size and moisture content will affect packing. Silage with good aerobic stability (bunk life) has minimal heating after feed out.
From the minute forage is cut in the field until it is consumed, biological degradation processes are occurring which decrease the nutrients available to the cow. The goal should be to minimize this degradation and conserve the greatest amount of digestible protein and energy for the cow. The main benefit of silage production over hay production is lower field losses. However, without proper silage management, silage storage losses can be significant.
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