explain soddy's displacement law
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Answer:
The law of radioactive displacements, also known as Fajan's and Soddy's law, in radiochemistry and nuclear physics, is a rule governing the transmutation of elements during radioactive decay. It is named after Frederick Soddy and Kazimierz Fajans, who independently arrived at it at about the same time in 1913.
Answer:
This law is named after Frederick Soddy and Kazimierz Fajans.
The atoms of radioactive element are unstable. When an atom of a radioactive element disintegrates, an entirely new element is formed. The new element possesses entirely new chemical and radioactive properties. The disintegrating element is called the parent element and the resulting product after disintegration is called the daughter element. Soddy and Fajan studied the successive product elements of disintegration of radioactive elements and gave the following conclusions:
(i) Alpha-Emission: a-particle is nucleus of helium atom having atomic number 2 and atomic weight 4. Therefore when an α-particle is emitted from a radioactive parent atom (X), its atomic number is reduced by 2 and atomic weight is reduced by 4. Thus the daughter element has its place two groups lower in the periodic table.
2. Beta-Emission: β-particle is an electron (e). When a β-particle is emitted from a parent atom (X), it is atomic number increases by 1, while atomic weight remains unchanged. As a result the daughter element (Y) has a place one group higher in the periodic table.
3. Gamma-Emission: The emission of γ-ray from a radioactive atom neither changes its atomic number nor its atomic weight. Therefore its place in periodic table remains un-displaced. In natural radioactivity γ-radiation is accompanied with either α or β-emission.