Explain soil profile.
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What is Soil Profile?
The soil is the topmost layer of the earth’s crust mainly composed of organic minerals and rock particles that support life. A soil profile is a vertical cross-section of the soil, made of layers running parallel to the surface. These layers are known as soil horizons.
It consists of the following layer:-
1) O- horizon or surface litter:- is the region of freshly fallen leaves, organic debris and partially decomposed organic matter.
2) A- horizon or topsoil:- is the region of partially decomposed organic matter (humus), plant roots, living organisms and some inorganic minerals.
3) E- horizon or zone of leaching:- is the area through which dissolved or suspended materials move down.
4) B- horizon or subsoil:- dark coloured and often an accumulation of iron, aluminium, humic compounds and clay leached down from the above layers.
5) C- horizon or parent material:- where partially broken inorganic materials are found.
6) R- horizon or bedrock:- is the impenetrable layer, percolated soil water tends to collect at the surface of the bedrock.