Question

explain solvay process with reactions briefly

Answer 1

Hello friend...!!

Solvay process :
•it is used to manufacture sodium carbonate Na2CO3.
•the steps that is involves are :
1)purification of saturated brine.
2) reaction with ammonia ( gaseous state)
3)formation of NaHCO3, by reacting ammoniated brine with CO2.
4)filtration process, where the insoluble brine solution is filtered out.
5)heating process, where it converts to Na2CO3.

REACTIONS :

•CO2 reacts with ammonia to form ammonium carbonate
2NH3 + CO2 + H2O-----> (NH4)2CO3.

•the ammonium carbonate further reacts with CO2 to form ammonium bi carbonate.
(NH4)2CO3 + H2O + CO2----> 2NH4HCO3.

•the ammonium bicarbonate reacts with NaCl to form sodium no carbonate.
NH4HCO3 + NaCl ---> NaHCO3 + NH4Cl.

•it is an exothermic reaction so the solubility of NaHCO3 increases, to counter this effect, cooling process is done, where precipitation of NaHCO3 are separated by vacuum filtration and washed to remove the ammonium salts.

•dry sodium bicarbonate is heated to give sodium carbonate.
2NaHCO3----> Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O.

Hope it is useful..!!

Answer 2

Step 1: Brine solution is saturated with ammonia.

2NH3 + H2O + CO2    →    (NH4)2 CO3

This ammoniated brine is filtered to remove any impurity.

Step 2: Carbon dioxide is reacted with this ammoniated brine to result in the formation of insoluble sodium hydrogen carbonate.

NaCl  +  NH4HCO3  →  NaHCO3  +  NH4Cl

Step 3: The solution containing crystals of NaHCO3 is filtered to obtain NaHCO3.

Step 4: NaHCO3 is heated strongly to convert it into NaHCO3.

2NaHCO3  →  Na2CO3 +  CO2  + H2O

Step 5: To recover ammonia, the filtrate (after removing NaHCO3) is mixed with Ca(OH)2 and heated.

The overall reaction taking place in Solvay process is  2NaCl  + CaCO3  →  Na2CO3 + CaCl2