Question

explain spin in the quantum mechanical model

Answer 1

The Quantum Mechanical Model

The discovery that began quantum mechanics as a field of study was when physicists Albert Einstein and Max Planck proved that light and matter can behave both as particles and waves. This began the era of quantum mechanics, which is basically the physics of the very tiny. If particles like electrons can behave as waves, it means that they don't have an exact position the way we would imagine for a traditional particle. Quantum mechanics tells us that you can't precisely know both the position and velocity of an electron at the same time.

This means that we shouldn't imagine electrons as single objects going around the atom. Instead, all we know is the probability of finding an electron at a particular location. What we end up with is something called an electron cloud. An electron cloudis an area of space in which an electron is likely to be found. It's like a 3-D graph showing the probability of finding the electron at each location in space.Quantum mechanics also tells us that a particle has certain numbers (called quantum numbers) that represent its properties. Just like how materials can be hard or soft, shiny or dull, particles have numbers to describe the properties. These include a particle's orbital quantum numbers, magnetic quantum number, and its spin. No two electrons in an atom can have exactly the same quantum numbers.Orbital quantum numbers tell you what energy level the electron is in. In the Bohr model, this represents how high the orbit is above the nucleus; higher orbits have more energy. The first orbit is n=1, the second is n=2, and so on. The magnetic quantum number is just a number that represents which direction the electron is pointing. The other important quantum mechanical property, called spin, is related to the fact that electrons come in pairs. In each pair, one electron spins one way (with a spin of one half), and the other electron spins the other way (with a spin of negative one half). Two electrons with the same spin cannot exist as a pair. This might seem kind of random, but it has effects in terms of how magnetic material is. Materials that have unpaired electrons are more likely to be magnetic.

Answer 2

Orbital quantum numbers tell you what energy level the electron is in. In the Bohr model, this represents how high the orbit is above the nucleus; higher orbits have more energy. ... The other important quantum mechanicalproperty, called spin, is related to the fact that electrons come in pairs.