Explain steps to find descriptive statistics for a given set of observatiins using spss
Answers
The frequencies command can be used to determine quartiles, percentiles, measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode), measures of dispersion (range, standard deviation, variance, minimum and maximum), measures of kurtosis and skewness, and create histograms. The command is found at Analyze | Descriptive Statistics | Frequencies (this is shorthand for clicking on the Analyze menu item at the top of the window, and then clicking on Descriptive Statistics from the drop down menu, and Frequencies from the pop up menu.):
The frequencies dialog box will appear
Select the variable(s) that you want to analyze by clicking on it in the left hand pane of the frequencies dialog box. Then click on the arrow button to move the variable into the Variables pane
Be sure to select "Display frequency tables" if you want a frequency distribution. Specify which statistics you want to perform by clicking on the Statistics button. The Statistics dialog box will appear:
From the statistics dialog box, click on the desired statistics that you want to perform. To calculate a given percentile, click in the box to the left of percentile(s). Type in the desired percentile and click on the Add button. When you have selected all the desired statistics (e.g. mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance, ragne, etc.), click on the Continue button.
Specify which chart you want to display by clicking on the Chart button. The chart dialog box will appear:
Click on the desired chart (usually Histogram) and click on the Continue button.
Click on OK in the frequencies dialog box. The SPSS Output Viewer will appear.
In the SPSS Output Viewer, you will see the requested statistics and chart. This is what the Statistics output looks like. It lists the requested measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, measures of skewness and kurtosis, and the quartiles and percentiles.
The output has two columns. The left column names the statistic and the right column gives the value of the statistic. For example, the mean of this data is 1.26 (since your data set may be different, you may get a different value.)
The skewness measure is greater than 0 when the distribution is skewed.
The kurtosis measure is 0 for a normal distribution. Positive values imply a leptokurtic distribution, while negative values imply a platykurtic distribution.
If you scroll down, you will see the frequency distributions.
If you scroll down, you will see the histogram (or whatever chart you requested.)
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