Explain stoichiometric defects in ionic solids in detail with examples.
Answers
Answer:
The compounds in which the number of positive and negative ions are exactly in the ratios indicated by their chemical formulae are called stoichiometric compounds. This type of defect occurs in highly ionic compounds which have high co-ordination number and cations and anions of similar sizes.
Explanation:
Stoichiometric Defect:
In this kind of point defect, the ratio of positive and negative ions (Stoichiometric) and electrical neutrality of a solid is not disturbed. Sometimes it is also known as intrinsic or thermodynamic defects.
Fundamentally, they are of two types:
Vacancy defect: When an atom is not present at their lattice sites, then that lattice site is vacant and it creates a vacancy defect. Due to this, the density of a substance decreases.
Interstitial defect: It is a defect in which an atom or molecule occupies the intermolecular spaces in crystals. In this defect, the density of the substance increases.
A non-ionic compound mainly shows vacancy and interstitial defects. An ionic compound shows the same in Frenkel and Schottky defect.
eg Frenkel defect
Schottky defect
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