Explain structure and composition of bone.
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Cortical bone forms a dense cylinder down the shaft of the bone surrounding the central marrow cavity. While cortical bone accounts for 80% of the mass of bone in the human body, it has a much lower surface area than cancellous bone due to its lower porosity.
Cancellous (or trabecular) bone is located at the ends of long bones, accounts for roughly 20% of the total mass of the skeleton, and has an open, honeycomb structure. It has a much lower Young’s modulus than cortical bone, and this graded modulus gradually matches the properties of the cortical bone to the cartilage that forms the articulating surface on the femoral head.
Bone itself consists mainly of collagen fibres and an inorganic bone mineral in the form of small crystals. In vivo bone (living bone in the body) contains between 10% and 20% water. Of its dry mass, approximately 60-70% is bone mineral. Most of the rest is collagen, but bone also contains a small amount of other substances such as proteins and inorganic salts.
Collagen is the main fibrous protein in the body. It has a triple helical structure, and specific points along the collagen fibres serve as nucleation sites for the bone mineral crystals. This is shown in the animation below.
The composition of the mineral component can be approximated as hydroxyapatite (HA), with the chemical formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. However, whereas HA as has a Ca:P ratio of 5:3 (1.67), bone mineral itself has Ca:P ratios ranging from 1.37 - 1.87. This is because the composition of bone mineral is much more complex and contains additional ions such as silicon, carbonate and zinc.
Cartilage is a collagen-based tissue containing very large protein-polysaccharide molecules that form a gel in which the collagen fibres are entangled. Articular, or hyaline, cartilage forms the bearing surfaces of the movable joints of the body. Mechanically, articular cartilage behaves as a linear viscoelastic solid.
Cancellous (or trabecular) bone is located at the ends of long bones, accounts for roughly 20% of the total mass of the skeleton, and has an open, honeycomb structure. It has a much lower Young’s modulus than cortical bone, and this graded modulus gradually matches the properties of the cortical bone to the cartilage that forms the articulating surface on the femoral head.
Bone itself consists mainly of collagen fibres and an inorganic bone mineral in the form of small crystals. In vivo bone (living bone in the body) contains between 10% and 20% water. Of its dry mass, approximately 60-70% is bone mineral. Most of the rest is collagen, but bone also contains a small amount of other substances such as proteins and inorganic salts.
Collagen is the main fibrous protein in the body. It has a triple helical structure, and specific points along the collagen fibres serve as nucleation sites for the bone mineral crystals. This is shown in the animation below.
The composition of the mineral component can be approximated as hydroxyapatite (HA), with the chemical formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. However, whereas HA as has a Ca:P ratio of 5:3 (1.67), bone mineral itself has Ca:P ratios ranging from 1.37 - 1.87. This is because the composition of bone mineral is much more complex and contains additional ions such as silicon, carbonate and zinc.
Cartilage is a collagen-based tissue containing very large protein-polysaccharide molecules that form a gel in which the collagen fibres are entangled. Articular, or hyaline, cartilage forms the bearing surfaces of the movable joints of the body. Mechanically, articular cartilage behaves as a linear viscoelastic solid.
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┗─━─━─━─━∞◆∞━─━─━─━─┛
➧Types 0f Skeletal Tissue are:-▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃⤵
➊❫ Cartilage:- ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬☟
◉ Its nature is film but elastic.
◉ Herversian system is absent.
◉ Blood supply is limited to perichondrium.
◉ Mineral matter is deposited only in calcified cartilage.
◉ Chondrocytes cells occurs in groups of 2 or 4.
❱ It's Functions are:-═══════════════☟
①❭ It support the whole skeleton of body.
②❭ Intervertebral disc of cartilage absorb Shock.
③❭ It also act as a cushion against stress.
④❭ It prevents wear and tear.
❷❫ Bone:- ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬☟
◉ Its nature is firm & brittle.
◉ Haversian system is present.
◉ Blood is supplied to the inner region of the bone.
◉ Mineral matter is deposited in the matrix in the form of carbonate & phosphate of calcium.
◉ 0steocytes secure singly & are arranged in lamellae.
❱ It's Functions are:-═══════════════☟
①❭ It support the framework & protect internal organs.
②❭ It helps in locomotion.
③❭ It provide surface for the attachment of muscles.
④❭ It is the Reservoir of calcium & phosphorus.
_________ Thanks...✊
✭✮ӇЄƦЄ ƖƧ ƳƠƲƦ ƛƝƧƜЄƦ✮✭
┗─━─━─━─━∞◆∞━─━─━─━─┛
➧Types 0f Skeletal Tissue are:-▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃⤵
➊❫ Cartilage:- ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬☟
◉ Its nature is film but elastic.
◉ Herversian system is absent.
◉ Blood supply is limited to perichondrium.
◉ Mineral matter is deposited only in calcified cartilage.
◉ Chondrocytes cells occurs in groups of 2 or 4.
❱ It's Functions are:-═══════════════☟
①❭ It support the whole skeleton of body.
②❭ Intervertebral disc of cartilage absorb Shock.
③❭ It also act as a cushion against stress.
④❭ It prevents wear and tear.
❷❫ Bone:- ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬☟
◉ Its nature is firm & brittle.
◉ Haversian system is present.
◉ Blood is supplied to the inner region of the bone.
◉ Mineral matter is deposited in the matrix in the form of carbonate & phosphate of calcium.
◉ 0steocytes secure singly & are arranged in lamellae.
❱ It's Functions are:-═══════════════☟
①❭ It support the framework & protect internal organs.
②❭ It helps in locomotion.
③❭ It provide surface for the attachment of muscles.
④❭ It is the Reservoir of calcium & phosphorus.
_________ Thanks...✊
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