Explain structure of Heart in human beings
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Ans)
-The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.
-The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to the lungs.
- In humans, the heart is approximately the size of a closed fist and is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest.
-In humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right atria and lower left and right ventricles.
-Commonly the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the right heart and their left counterparts as the left heart.
- Fish, in contrast, have two chambers, an atrium and a ventricle, while reptiles have three chambers.
- In a healthy heart blood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves, which prevent backflow.
-The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, the pericardium, which also contains a small amount of fluid.
-The wall of the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
Answer:
Explanation:
The heart is a complex muscle that pumps blood through the three divisions of the circulatory system: the coronary (vessels that serve the heart), pulmonary (heart and lungs), and systemic (systems of the body). Coronary circulation intrinsic to the heart takes blood directly from the main artery (aorta) coming from the heart. For pulmonary and systemic circulation, the heart has to pump blood to the lungs or the rest of the body, respectively.
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It is divided into four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. There are one atrium and one ventricle on the right side and one atrium and one ventricle on the left side. The atria are the chambers that receive blood while the ventricles are the chambers that pump blood. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava, which drains blood from the veins of the upper organs and arms. The right atrium also receives blood from the inferior vena cava, which drains blood from the veins of the lower organs and legs. In addition, the right atrium receives blood from the coronary sinus, which drains deoxygenated blood from the heart itself. This deoxygenated blood then passes to the right ventricle through the right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve), a flap of connective tissue that opens in only one direction to prevent the backflow of blood. After it is filled, the right ventricle pumps the blood through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs for re-oxygenation. After blood passes through the pulmonary arteries, the right semilunar valves close, preventing the blood from flowing backwards into the right ventricle. The left atrium then receives the oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. The valve separating the chambers on the left side of the heart is called the biscuspid or mitral valve (left atrioventricular valve).The blood passes through the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle where it is pumped out through the aorta, the major artery of the body, taking oxygenated blood to the organs and muscles of the body. Once blood is pumped out of the left ventricle and into the aorta, the aortic semilunar valve (or aortic valve) closes, preventing blood from flowing backward into the left ventricle. This pattern of pumping is referred to as double circulation and is found in all mammals.
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